1916 United States House of Representatives elections

1916 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 65th United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 7, 1916, while Maine held theirs on September 11. They coincided with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson.

Wilson eked out a narrow re-election, but his Democratic Party lost seats to the Republican Party. Wilson's hybrid approach, which injected a progressive element into Democratic policies, had proved to be dissatisfying to much of the nation. International affairs also became important in the traditionally non-interventionist United States, as voters attempted to determine which party would be best served to keep the nation from entering The Great War.

Republicans won a plurality of seats in the 1916 election. However, when the 65th Congress convened in April 1917, the Democrats narrowly maintained control of the House, forming an alliance with third-party (Progressive and Socialist) members. Not since the 34th Congress (1855–1857) had the party with the most seats not been part of the ruling government. This Congress is the last example to date of a type of coalition holding power in the House, rather than a single party winning a majority of seats. This was also the last time that no party in the house held an overall majority

Jeannette Rankin, a Republican from Montana, became the first woman ever elected to congress.

Election summaries

The Democrats retained control of the House by forming a coalition with the three Progressive members and the single Socialist member, combining to form a razor-thin majority of 218 Representatives.

Early election date

Maine held its election early, on September 11, 1916. There had previously been multiple states with earlier elections, but between 1914 and 1958, Maine was alone in holding early elections.

Special elections

There were special elections in 1916 to the 64th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

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! | Samuel A. Witherspoon | | Democratic | 1910 | | Incumbent died November 24, 1915.New member elected January 4, 1916.Democratic hold. | nowrap |

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! | William G. Brown Jr. | | Democratic | 1910 | | Incumbent died March 9, 1916.New member elected May 9, 1916.Republican gain.Successor was later re-elected; see below. | nowrap |

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! | William Stephens | | Progressive | 1910 | | Incumbent resigned July 22, 1916 to become Lieutenant Governor of California.New member elected November 7, 1916. Progressive hold.Successor was not elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

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! | James Hay | | Democratic | 1896 | | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1916 to become Judge of the United States Court of Claims.New member elected November 7, 1916.Democratic hold.Successor was also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |

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Alabama

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! | Oscar L. Gray | | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | S. Hubert Dent Jr. | | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | Henry B. Steagall | | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | Fred L. Blackmon | | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | J. Thomas Heflin | | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | William B. Oliver | | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | John L. Burnett | | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | Edward B. Almon | | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | George Huddleston | | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | colspan=3 | None | | New seat.Democratic gain. | nowrap |

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Arizona

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! | Carl Hayden | | Democratic | 1911 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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Arkansas

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! | Thaddeus H. Caraway | | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | William A. Oldfield | | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | John N. Tillman | | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | Otis Wingo | | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | Henderson M. Jacoway | | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | Samuel M. Taylor | | Democratic | 1913 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | William S. Goodwin | | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |