The _compound Tenses of the second order_ are made up of the simple Tenses of Bi and the Infinitive preceded by the Preposition iar _after_[54].
The _Preterite_ Affirm. and Negat. is formed from the same Tense in the Active, by adding _adh_. The Preter. Subj. adds _teadh_.
The _Future_ is formed from the Fut. Act. by changing the Terminations in the Affirm. and Subj. into _ar_, (more properly _far_, as of old) and adding the same syllable in the Negative.
The _Imperative_ is formed from the Imperat. Act. by adding to the second pers. sing. _tar_, _thar_, or _ar_.[55]
The _Participle_ is formed by adding _te_ to the Root[56].
There is no distinction of Number or Person in the Tenses of the Passive Voice.
Verbs which suffer a syncope in the Infinitive, suffer a like syncope in the Pret. Aff. and Neg. throughout the Future Tense, and in the Imperative.
The _compound Tenses of the first order_ are made up of the simple Tenses of the auxiliary Bi and the Passive Participle.
The _compound Tenses of the second order_ are made up of the simple Tenses of _Bi_ and the Infinitive preceded by the Preposition _iar_ and the Possessive Pronoun corresponding in Person to the Pronoun, or to the Noun, which is the Nominative to the verb.
_Use and Import of the Moods and Tenses._
The _Affirmative_ or _Indicative_ Mood expresses affirmation, and is used in affirmative propositions only, as, Do bhuail mi _I struck_, bha mi ag bualadh _I was striking_.
The _Negative_ or _Interrogative_ Mood is used in negative propositions and interrogative clauses, after the Particles ni _not_, cha _not_, nach _which not_, _that not_, _not?_ mur _if not_; also, gu, gur, _that_, an, am, whether used relatively or interrogatively; as, cha d'fholaich mi _I did not hide_, mur buail sinn _if we shall not strike_, nach robh iad _that they were not_, gu robh iad _that they were_; am buail mi? _shall I strike?_ It is used in the Future Tense after ged _although_; as, ged bhuail e mi, _though he strike me_[57].
The _Subjunctive_ Mood is used in the Preterite, either with or without conjunctions; as, bhuailinn _I would strike_, na'm, mur, nach, &c., buailinn _if, unless, &c., I should strike_. In the Future it is used only after the conjunctions ma _if_, o, o'n _since_, and the Relative _a_ expressed or understood; as, ma bhuaileas mi _if I shall strike_, am fear a bhuaileas mi _the man { 86} who will strike me_, or _the man whom I shall strike_; an uair a bhuaileas mi, tra bhuaileas mi _the time [in] which I shall strike, i. e., when I shall strike_; c'uin [cia ùine] a bhuaileas mi? _what [is] the time [in] which I shall strike? i. e., when shall I strike?_
