(9) Dar (＜ _dare_): _dau_ (＜ ✱_dao_), _daun_ (＜ ✱_daunt_); see § 137, (1).
(10) Destruire (＜ ✱_destrūgĕre_ = _destruĕre_): analogy of _agĕre_, _tĕgĕre_, etc. Cf. _traire_. ✱_Destrūgit_ ＞ _destrüi_.
(11) Dever (＜ _debēre_) has in the pres. indicative 1st sg., beside _dech_ _dei_ (§ 160), _dec_ (analogy of _dic_, _prec_, _sec_, _trac_, and perhaps of the preterit _dec_).
(12) Dire (＜ _dīcĕre_): _dic_ (＜ _dīco_) _diu_ (cf. § 51, 3; § 65, G, 1); _ditz_ (＜ _dīcit_) _di_ (analogy of _fai_, _trai_, and of imperative _di_ ＜ _dīc_); _dízon_ (analogy of _ditz_, _dizém_, _dizétz_); _diga_ _dia_ (both ＜ _dīcam_: § 65, G). For the imperative, see § 156.
(13) Düire (＜ _dūcĕre_): _dütz_ (＜ _dūcit_) _düi_ (analogy of _destrüi_, _trai_).
(14) Eissir (＜ _exīre_): _iesc_, _iescon_, _iesca_, analogy of _conosc_, _florisc_, etc.; for vowel, see § 159, (2).
(15) Ésser estre (＜ ✱_ĕssĕre_ = _ĕsse_). Pres. indicative: _sŭm_ ＞ sọn sọ (§ 82, M), then, by the analogy of _ai_ and _füi_, sọi süi; _ĕs_ became ęst ięst, perhaps through _ĕs tu_ ＞ ęs-t-u ＞ ęst-tü, supported by the analogy of the preterit ending of the 2d sg. (vọs vendętz, tü vendęst or vendięst, so, to match vọs ętz, a form tü ęst or ięst); _ĕst_ became ẹs, probably through such combinations as quẹ’s (understood as qu’ẹs); _sīmu’_, which existed in Latin beside _sŭmus_ (Rom., XXI, 347), gave sẹm, while from _ĕstis_ there was constructed an ✱_ĕsmus_ ＞ ęsmes (rare), and from ętz a form ẹm (very common); _ĕstis_ ＞ ęstz ętz (§ 78, 2); _sŭnt_ ＞ sọn sǫ (§ 83, Nt). Pres. subjunctive: _sĭm_, _sīs_, etc., were replaced in V. L. by ✱_sĭam_, ✱_sĭas_, etc. (on the analogy of _fiam_, _faciam_, etc.), which gave sía sías sía siám siátz, sían síon; we find also sẹia, etc., formed apparently on _deia_, _veia_. Imperative borrowed from subjunctive.
(16) Estar (＜ _stare_). Pres. indicative: _estáu_ (＜ ✱_stao_) _estáuc_ (§ 161); _estás_ (＜ _stas_); _está_ (＜ _stat_) _estái_ (analogy of _fai_, _trai_); _estám_ (＜ _stamu’_); _estátz_ (＜ _statis_) _estáitz_ (after _faitz_); _están_ (＜ _stant_) _estáun_ (＜ ✱_staunt_); see § 137 (1). Pres. subjunctive: _estía_, etc., _estéia_, etc., patterned on _sia_, _seia_; also _estéi_, perhaps a cross between _esteia_ and ✱_esté_ ＜ _stem_. Imperative: _está_, _estáitz_.