THE SOLITARY SANDPIPER Totanus solitarius (Wilson)
This is an American species, which, like so many of its New World congeners, has occasionally and at long intervals straggled to these islands.
Its nearest ally is the preceding species, from which it may be recognised by having _all_ the tail feathers, except the central pair, boldly barred with black. Length 8·25 in.; wing 5·2 in.
THE YELLOWSHANK Totanus flavipes (J. F. Gmelin)
Two examples of this American species have been obtained, the first near Nottingham and the second at Marazion in Cornwall.
In general appearance it is not unlike a young Redshank, but the legs are longer and more slender, and the axillaries are _barred_ and not white. Length 10·75 in.; wing 6 in.
THE GREATER YELLOWSHANK Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin)
A solitary example of this species was shot on the 16th September 1906 at Tresco in the Scilly Islands. It is an American species and is not unlike a very large Redshank, but the legs are longer in proportion and yellow in colour. Length 12·15 in.; bill 2 in.; wing 8 in.
THE COMMON REDSHANK Totanus calidris (Linnæus)
The Redshank is a common breeding species in suitable localities throughout our islands.
In winter it occurs abundantly round all our coasts and causes much annoyance to shooters from its habit of flying up on the least alarm and warning all the other less wary fowl, with its shrill "tui too too."
The nest is usually situated on some inland marsh or low-lying grass field intersected with ditches. It is a very slight structure of grass and bents well concealed in a tussock of grass or tuft of rushes. The four eggs are of a pale stone colour, mottled and blotched with rich reddish brown. During the nesting season this bird becomes very noisy, and if the nesting site be approached, especially after the young are hatched, they fly round the intruder or sit on some bank, calling out vigorously all the time. It is a most interesting sight to take a sporting dog to where they have young and watch the way in which time after time these birds will decoy the dog away by fluttering under his very nose until they have led him to what they consider a safe distance, when they will spring in the air and with a cheery note return to their brood. This habit is common to many species and orders of ground-nesting birds, but unless we take a keen hunting dog with us we shall fail to realise what an excellent device it is for safeguarding the young from mammalian vermin. The food and habits of this species call for no special comment, as it does not greatly differ from its congeners.
