6. _Pharisæus ex amore_; Such a one as obeyed the Law for the Love of Vertue.
7. _Pharisæus ex timore_; Such a one obeyed the Law for fear of punishment. He that conformed for fear had respect chiefly to the _negative Commandements_; but he that conformed for love, especially respected the _Affirmative_.
To omit other _Etymologies_ of the name, there are two onely which have shew of probability. Some[131] derive it from _Sedec_, _Justitia_; as if they had been _Justitiaries_, such as would justifie themselves before _Gods_ Tribunal. There are[132] that derive it, and that upon more warrantable grounds, from _Sadoc_, the first Author of the heresie; so that the _Sadduces_ were so called from _Sadoc_, as the _Arrians_ from _Arrius_, the _Pelagians_ from _Pelagius_, the _Donatists_ from _Donatus_, &c.
[132] _ἀπὸ αἱρεσιάρχου Σαδὼκ ὀνομάζεται. Theophylact._
This _Sadoc_ lived under _Antigonus Sochæus_, who succeeded _Simeon_ the _Just_. He was _Antigonus_ his scholar, and by him brought up in the Doctrine of the _Pharisees_, but afterwards fell from him, and broacht the heresie of the _Sadduces_; which heresie, because it had much affinity with that which the Heretique _Dositheus_ taught, hence are the _Sadduces_ said to[133] be a branch or skirt of the _Dositheans_, though in truth _Dositheus_ lived not till[134] after _Christ_; and although these two heresies did agree in many things; yet in a main point they differed.[135] _Dositheus_ believed the Resurrection, the _Sadduces_ denyed it; and by consequence the _Dositheans_ believed all other points necessarily flowing from this.
[133] _Epiph. hæres. 14. It. Tertul. de præscript. c. 5._
The occasion of this heresie was this.[136] When _Antigonus_ taught, that we must not serve God as servants serve their Masters, for hope of reward, his scholars _Sadoc_ and _Baithus_ understood him, as if he had utterly denied all future rewards or recompence attending a godly life, and thence framed their heresie, denying the _resurrection, the world to come, Angels, Spirits, &c._
Their _Dogmata_, _Canons_, or _Constitutions_, were, 1. _They rejected[137] the Prophets, & all other Scripture save only the five books of Moses._ Therefore our _Saviour_ when he would confute their errour, concerning the resurrection of the dead, he proves it not out of the _Prophets_, but out of _Exod. 3. 6._ _I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob_, _Mat. 22. 32._