85. Real and apparent Composite International Persons 132 86. States in Personal Union 133 87. States in Real Union 134 88. Confederated States (Staatenbund) 135 89. Federal States (Bundesstaaten) 136
90. The Union between Suzerain and Vassal State 140 91. International position of Vassal States 141
92. Conception of Protectorate 144 93. International position of States under Protectorate 145 94. Protectorates outside the Family of Nations 146
95. Conception of Neutralised States 147 96. Act and Condition of Neutralisation 148 97. International position of Neutralised States 149 98. Switzerland 151 99. Belgium 152 100. Luxemburg 152 101. The former Congo Free State 153
102. No essential difference between Christian and other States 154 103. International position of non-Christian States except Turkey and Japan 155
104. The former Papal States 157 105. The Italian Law of Guaranty 158 106. International position of the Holy See and the Pope 159 107. Violation of the Holy See and the Pope 161
XI. _International Persons of the Present Day_
108. European States 162 109. American States 163 110. African States 164 111. Asiatic States 164
CHAPTER II--POSITION OF THE STATES WITHIN THE FAMILY OF NATIONS
112. The so-called Fundamental Rights 165 113. International Personality a Body of Qualities 166 114. Other Characteristics of the position of the States within the Family of Nations 167
115. Legal Equality of States 168 116. Political Hegemony of Great Powers 170 117. Rank of States 171 118. The Alternat 173 119. Titles of States 173
120. Dignity a Quality 174 121. Consequences of the Dignity of States 175 122. Maritime Ceremonials 176
IV. _Independence and Territorial and Personal Supremacy_
123. Independence and Territorial as well as Personal Supremacy as Aspects of Sovereignty 177 124. Consequences of Independence and Territorial and Personal Supremacy 178 125. Violations of Independence and Territorial and Personal Supremacy 179 126. Restrictions upon Independence 180 127. Restrictions upon Territorial Supremacy 182 128. Restrictions upon Personal Supremacy 183
129. Self-preservation an excuse for violations 184 130. What acts of self-preservation are excused 185 131. Case of the Danish Fleet (1807) 186 132. Case of Amelia Island 186 133. Case of the _Caroline_ 187