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NEW YORK: DERBY & JACKSON, 119 NASSAU STREET. CINCINNATI: H. W. DERBY & CO. LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, SON & CO.
Entered according to Act of Congress, to the year 1857, by DERBY & JACKSON,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New York.
TO MY ALMA MATER, The University of the City of New York, THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY ONE OF ITS OFFSPRING.
I. PRELIMINARY CHAPTER, 9 II. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE ORIGIN OF THE TURKS, 20 III. THEIR RELIGIOUS CREEDS, 27 IV. SECTARIANISM, 37 V. PRACTICE OF RELIGION, 51 VI. PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA, 67 VII. PRINCIPLES OF THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT, 105 VIII. THE ADMINISTRATIVE GOVERNMENT, 109 IX. POLICY OF THE GOVERNMENT, 114 X. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE JANISSARIES, 117 XI. THE ULEMA OR SPIRITUAL BRANCH OF THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT, 127 XII. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 134 XIII. ARMY AND NAVY, 138 XIV. COMMERCE, 144 XV. JURISPRUDENCE, 149 XVI. EDUCATION, 159 XVII. MEDICINE, 167 XVIII. WESTERN PREJUDICES AND EASTERN TOLERATION, 171 XIX. THE SULTAN AND HIS PERSONNEL, 180 XX. PUBLIC DUTIES OF THE SULTAN, 200 XXI. THE ROMANCE OF THE EAST, 206 XXII. THE HAREM, 212 XXIII. CONDITION OF WOMEN, 224 XXIV. PERSONAL APPEARANCE, COSTUME, ETC., 232 XXV. DOMESTIC ARRANGEMENTS, 238 XXVI. SOCIAL INTERCOURSE, 246 XXVII. POLYGAMY, 253 XXVIII. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE, 259 XXIX. SULTAN'S HAREM AND HOUSEHOLD, 264 XXX. CIRCASSIAN AND NUBIAN SLAVES, 274 XXXI. THE WATERING PLACES, 280 XXXII. THE BAZAARS, 293 XXXIII. THE KAHVÉS, 299 XXXIV. THE HAMAMS, OR BATHS, 320 XXXV. THE RAYAS, OR NON-MUSSULMAN SUBJECTS--ARMENIANS, 340 XXXVI. THE RAYAS, OR NON-MUSSULMAN SUBJECTS--GREEKS, 364 XXXVII. THE RAYAS, OR NON-MUSSULMAN SUBJECTS--JEWS, 376 XXXVIII. PERA AND THE PEROTES, OR FRANKS, 381 XXXIX. THE ARISTOCRACY AND THE PEOPLE, 393 XL. THE FUTURE OF TURKEY, 419
Mutability is the appropriate motto of humanity; for what are men but creatures of a day; monarchs, but transient shadows of earthly greatness; empires, but passing events? Time, with more than eagle swiftness, hurls all things into the great bosom of Eternity. Futurity is dark and impenetrable, but the present is with us, and still more the past, teeming with vast records of human life, of rising and falling empires, bloody tales of extinguished armies and extirpated races of mankind, detailing the effects of the wild ambition of kings, emperors, sultans, themselves but atoms, yet involving the whole mass in their career.