_Praeponere_, etc. A series of infinitives without connectives, denoting a hasty enumeration of particulars; elsewhere, sometimes, a rapid succession of events. Cf. notes, A. 36, and H. 1, 36. The particulars here enumerated, all refer to _military_ proceedings.
_Disponere--noctem_. _They distribute the day_, sc. as the period of various labors; _they fortify the night_, sc. as the scene of danger. Still highly poetical.
_Ferramentis_. _Iron tools_, axes, mattocks, &c.--_Copiis_. _Provisions_.
_Rari_. Predicate of _pugna_, as well as _excursus_.--_Velocitas_ applies to cavalry, _cunctatio_ to infantry; _juxta_==connected with, allied to, cf. juxta libertatem, 21.
XXXI. _Aliis--populis_. Dat. after _usurpatum_, which with its adjuncts is the subject of _vertit_. See same construction, His. 1, 18: observatum id antiquitus comitiis dirimendis non terruit Galbam, etc., cf. also A. 1.--_Audentia_ occurs only thrice in T. (G. 31. 34. Ann. 15, 53), and once in Pliny (Ep. 8, 4). It differs from _audacia_ in being a _virtue_.
_Vertit_. Intrans. Not so found in Cic., but in Liv., Caes., and Sall., not unfrequent. Gr. Cic. however uses _anno vertente_.
_In consensum vertit_. _Has become the common custom_.
_Ut primum_. _Just as soon as_. A causal relation is also implied; hence followed by the subj.
_Crinem--submittere_. We find this custom (_of letting the hair and beard grow long_) later among the Lombards and the Saxons, cf. Turn. His. Ang. Sax., App. to B. 2.
_Super--spolia_, i.e. _over the bloody spoils_ of a slain enemy.
_Revelant_, i.e. they remove the hair and beard, which have so long _veiled_ the face.
_Retulisse==repaid, discharged their obligations to those who gave them birth_.
_Squalor_. This word primarily denotes roughness; secondarily and usually filth: here the deformity of unshorn hair and beard.
_Insuper_, i.e. besides the long hair and beard. The proper position of _insuper_ is, as here, between the adj. and subs., cf. 34: immensos _insuper_ lacus; see also _insuper_, 12.
_Absolvat_. Subj. after _donec_. So _faciat_ below. See note, 1.
_Hic--habitus_, sc. _ferreum annulum_, cf. 17. _Plurimis_==permultis, Rit.
_Placet_. Antithetic to _ignominiosum genti_. Very many of the Chatti are _pleased_ with that which is esteemed a disgrace by most Germans, and so pleased with it as to retain it to old age, and wear it as a badge of distinction (_canent insignes_).