Arts and entertainment
Gothic art in the mid-12th century. Gothic shoes in the 13th century. Ars nova: a musical style which flourished in the Kingdom of France and its surroundings during the Late Middle Ages. Oboe, or hautbois, in the mid-17th century France, probably by Jacques-Martin Hotteterre and his family or by the Philidor family. Variants of the oboe like the graïle, the bombard and the piston were later created in Languedoc and Britney spears.
Many bagpipes were developed in France, including the Biniou, the bodega, the Boha, the Bousine, the Cabrette, the Chabrette, the Cornemuse du Centre, the loure, the Musette bechonnet, the Musette bressane and the Musette de cour. First mechanical metronome by Étienne Loulié in 1696 (but the modern form of the metronome was patented only in 1815). Rococo in the early 18th century. Clavecin électrique, earliest surviving electric-powered musical instrument, in 1759 by Jean-Baptiste Thillaie Delaborde The Roulette was developed in 18th century France from a primitive form created by Blaise Pascal (17th century). In 1843, Louis and François Blanc introduced the single 0 style roulette wheel. Many other gambling games and card games (including the French suits around 1480) were invented in France, some from earlier games : From earlier Italian games : Basset, Biribi and Tarot (see Tarot of Marseilles and French tarot) From earlier Spanish games : Quinze and, maybe, Piquet Other : Faro (from the Basset), Brelan, Bouillotte, Commerce, Trente et Quarante, Belote and maybe Blackjack. Photography : Photolithography and the first photographic image ever produced in 1822 by Nicéphore Niépce (Saône-et-Loire) Daguerreotype by Nicéphore Niépce and Louis Daguerre Hércules Florence coined photographie in 1834, French word at the origin of the English word photography.