Yoga schools are as diverse as the meanings of the bracket term yoga. Within the major branches of yoga such as haṭha, lāya, rāja, jñāna, and bhakti there are many different schools and lineages, both extant and defunct. Since the late 19th century, a great number of distinct new styles of "Yoga" have been introduced by individual teachers. Some schools and traditions are occasionally referred to as yoga or yogic for their similar practices, despite having no foundation in the Indian tradition; these include Shin Shin Tōitsu-dō, and Daoyin.
Modern Hinduism and Neo-Hindu revival
The term "Yoga" has been used for various philosophies and concepts in the context of Hindu revivalism and Neo-Hindu religious and philosophical movements.
1918: The Yoga Institute - Shri Yogendra
1920: Agni Yoga - Nicholas Roerich and his wife Helena Roerich (theosophy) 1920: Self-Realization Fellowship - Paramahansa Yogananda 1921: Integral Yoga - Sri Aurobindo, The Synthesis of Yoga 1948: Divine Life Society - Swami Sivananda 1950s: Satyananda Yoga - Swami Satyananda Saraswati 1955: Ananda Marga - Shrii Shrii Anandamurti 1960s: Transcendental Meditation - Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 1970: Bikram Yoga - Bikram Choudhury 1971: Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy - Swami Rama 1970s: Siddha Yoga - Swami Muktananda 1970s: Sahaja Yoga, a new religious movement founded by Nirmala Srivastava 1981: Art of Living - Ravi Shankar 1991: Shiva Yoga – Shankarananda 1997: Ananda yoga - Swami Kriyananda
Styles of yoga as exercise
India and other Asian countries are home to thousands of yoga schools founded over the last century to teach yoga as exercise, which unlike all earlier forms consists in large part of asanas. Below are some and their style of yoga.
1948: Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga - Sri K. Pattabhi Jois
1963: Bihar School of Yoga - Swami Satyananda Saraswati
1960s: Sivananda Yoga - Swami Vishnu-devananda
1960s: Iyengar Yoga - B.K.S. Iyengar
1970s: Yin Yoga - Paulie Zink
1971: Bikram Yoga - Bikram Choudhury
1980s: Viniyoga - tradition of Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
1980s: Rocket Yoga - Larry Schultz
1982: Forrest Yoga - Ana T. Forrest
1986: Jivamukti Yoga - David Life and Sharon Gannon
1992: Isha Yoga - Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev
1995: Power Yoga - Beryl Bender Birch
1990s: Power Yoga - Bryan Kest
1997: Anusara Yoga - formerly John Friend
Eclectic styles
Several eclectic styles, some with Western audiences, are partially based on Hatha yoga:
1969: Kundalini Yoga - Yogi Bhajan
1975: Zen Yoga
1985: Body & Brain ("Korean Yoga") - Ilchi Lee
1995: Laughter Yoga - Madan Kataria
Yoga in other religious traditions
With the widespread reception of the concept of "Yoga" in the west, the term has also been transferred to similar systems of meditation and exercise which are not of Indian origin, mostly without global reach:
Tsa lung Trul khor, a concept in Tibetan Buddhism described as "Yantra Yoga" by Chogyal Namkhai Norbu (2000) Kum Nye, Tibetan practice, sometimes dubbed "Kum Nye Yoga" Shin Shin Tōitsu-dō, a system of "mind and body unification" created by Nakamura Tempu in the 1940s which is also known as "Japanese Yoga". Daoyin is a similar Daoist practice in China, part of a broader meditation system which includes Qigong and Taijiquan Kemetic yoga, an ancient Egyptian yoga system