Royal Air Force Charmy Down or more simply RAF Charmy Down is a former Royal Air Force station in Somerset, England, approximately north-northeast of Bath and west of London.
Opened in 1941, it was used initially by the RAF and from 1943 by the United States Army Air Forces, primarily as a night fighter interceptor airfield. It was closed in 1946. Today the remains of the airfield are on private property and are used as agricultural fields.
History
A kerbed long barrow site was flattened to make way for the airfield. A cremation urn had been found near a burial of a long necked beaker and a bronze dagger, believed to be from the Beaker people.
The airfield was planned as a satellite for the Maintenance Unit at nearby RAF Colerne, but by the time construction work started in 1940 it had been selected as a sector station by No. 10 Group of RAF Fighter Command.
RAF Charmy Down was opened late in 1940 and originally had a grass surface with landing strips of , both southeast to northwest and northeast to southwest. It was upgraded to the Class A airfield standard set by the Air Ministry in 1941, with three concrete runways at 60-degree angles in a triangular pattern. A wide tarmac perimeter track and 39 aircraft dispersal points were constructed; there were 12 double pens and 15 single standings.
The technical site connected to the ground station and airfield had 12 Blister hangars, one Bellman hangar and various organisational, component and field maintenance shops, along with the maintenance personnel necessary to keep the aircraft airworthy and to quickly repair light to moderate battle damage. The ammunition dump was in concrete pens outside the perimeter track on the north side of the airfield, surrounded by large dirt mounds.
Royal Air Force use
The first occupant of Charmy Down was No. 87 Squadron RAF, with night-fighting Hawker Hurricanes. In the summer of 1941 Boulton Paul Defiants appeared, and Westland Whirlwinds and Turbinlite Havocs of 125 and 263 squadrons respectively were to be seen the following year. 137 Squadron replaced No 263 Squadron in September 1941. In November 1941, 417 Squadron of the Royal Canadian Air Force was formed here.
During 1942 various other squadrons were posted to Charmy Down including 533 Squadron which was formed on 8 September 1942, from No. 1454 (Turbinlite) Flight, as part of No. 10 Group RAF in Fighter Command. Instead of operating only Turbinlite and Airborne Intercept (AI) radar equipped aircraft (Havocs and Bostons) and working together with a normal night fighter unit, such as the Hawker Hurricanes of 87 Squadron, the unit also flew their own Hurricanes. It was disbanded at Charmy Down on 25 January 1943, since Turbinlite squadrons were, due to lack of success and the rapid development of AI radar, deemed to be superfluous.
No. 52 OTU, a Supermarine Spitfire Operational Training Unit took over in 1943 and stayed until the airfield was turned over to the USAAF in November 1943.
The following units were also here at some point: Relief Landing Ground for No. 3 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF (October 1944 - December 1945) Relief Landing Ground for No. 3 Flying Instructors School RAF No. 88 Squadron RAF (1941-42 & 1943) No. 107 Squadron RAF (1942-43) No. 234 Squadron RAF (1942) No. 245 Squadron RAF (1942-43) No. 247 Squadron RAF No. 286 Squadron RAF No. 421 Squadron RAF (1942) No. 2719 Squadron RAF Regiment No. 2729 Squadron RAF Regiment No. 2742 Squadron RAF Regiment No. 2777 Squadron RAF Regiment No. 2794 Squadron RAF Regiment No. 2798 Squadron RAF Regiment No. 2800 Squadron RAF Regiment No. 2806 Squadron RAF Regiment Fighter Leaders School RAF (February - October 1943)
United States Army Air Forces use
Charmy Down was known as USAAF Station AAF 487 for security reasons by the USAAF during the war, and not referred to by its location. The airfield code/USAAF Station Code was "CH".
4th Tactical Air Depot
Service groups were deployed there late in 1943 to operate the 4th Tactical Air Depot, which was intended to repair, modify and maintain Allison-engined fighter types, primarily Lockheed P-38 Lightnings and North American P-51 Mustangs.
For unrecorded reasons, it was decided to transfer this operation to RAF Kingston Bagpuize early in 1944, possibly for better local logistics and communications in the Oxford area. Nevertheless, IX Air Force Service Command activities continued at Charmy Down until the autumn of 1944.