The is a Japanese high-speed Shinkansen rail line, connecting Tokyo with Aomori in Aomori Prefecture in a route length of , making it Japan's longest Shinkansen line. It runs through the more sparsely populated Tōhoku region of Japan's main island, Honshu, and was extended as the Hokkaido Shinkansen through the Seikan Tunnel to (this section opened March 2016) and is expected to be extended to Sapporo by 2030. It has two Mini-shinkansen branch lines, the Yamagata Shinkansen and Akita Shinkansen. The line is operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Services
There are four services in operation: Hayabusa, Tokyo – Shin-Aomori/Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto limited-stop, starting 5 March 2011 Hayate, Morioka/Shin-Aomori - Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto limited-stop, starting 26 March 2016 (the name has been in use since 1 December 2002) Yamabiko, Tokyo – Sendai limited-stop, and all-stations to Morioka, starting June 1982 Nasuno, Tokyo – Oyama/Nasushiobara/Kōriyama all-stations, starting 1995 One service has been discontinued: Aoba, Tokyo – Sendai all-stations, June 1982 – October 1997 (consolidated with Nasuno)
Through trains on the Akita Shinkansen and Yamagata Shinkansen lines also run on Tōhoku Shinkansen tracks from Morioka and Fukushima respectively.
As of March 2021, the maximum line speed is between Tokyo and Ueno, between Ueno and Ōmiya, between Ōmiya and Utsunomiya, between Utsunomiya and Morioka, and between Morioka and Shin-Aomori.
On 30 October 2012, JR East announced that it is pursuing research and development to increase speeds to on the Tohoku Shinkansen. Work seems to be ongoing to upgrade the section between Morioka and Shin-Aomori to , primarily in the form of improved sound barriers. This should make operating at possible, if the improved noise dampening techniques being tested using the ALFA-X test train are successful. Upgrade works on this section started in October 2020, and are expected to take seven years to complete.
List of stations
Legend:
Rolling stock
As of March 2020, the following types are used on Tohoku Shinkansen services. E2 series: Yamabiko / Nasuno services E3 series: Tsubasa / Yamabiko / Nasuno services E5 series: Hayabusa / Hayate / Yamabiko / Nasuno services E6 series: Komachi / Hayabusa / Yamabiko / Nasuno services H5 series: Hayabusa / Hayate / Yamabiko / Nasuno services
Former rolling stock
200 series: Yamabiko / Nasuno / Aoba services (1982 – November 2011) 400 series: Tsubasa / Nasuno services (July 1992 – April 2010) E1 series: Max Yamabiko / Max Aoba services (July 1994 – December 1999) E4 series: Max Yamabiko / Max Nasuno services (1999– September 2012)
Future rolling stock
E8 series: Tsubasa / Yamabiko / Nasuno services (from 2024 onwards)
Non-revenue-earning types
Class E926 East i
Timeline
History
28 November 1971: Construction starts on the line. 23 June 1982: The – section opens. 14 March 1985: The – section opens. 20 June 1991: The – section opens. October 1998: 1 billionth passenger carried on Tōhoku, Joetsu and Nagano Shinkansen lines. 1 December 2002: The – section opens. 13 April 2010: Test running starts on the extension from Hachinohe to Shin-Aomori. 4 December 2010: The extension from Hachinohe to Shin-Aomori opens. 5 March 2011: New Hayabusa services operating at commence operation between Tokyo and Shin-Aomori using new E5 series trainsets. 23 June 2012: The line's 30th anniversary was celebrated, with approximately 1.93 billion passengers having been transported on the line.
From Shin-Aomori, the line continues to Shin-Hakodate in Hokkaido (, since March 26, 2016 under the name Hokkaido Shinkansen), passing through the world's longest undersea railway tunnel, the Seikan Tunnel. A further to Sapporo is due to open by 2030.
The mountainous terrain that the line passes through has necessitated heavy reliance on tunnels. The Iwate-Ichinohe Tunnel on the Morioka–Hachinohe stretch, completed in 2000, was briefly the world's longest land rail tunnel at , but in 2005 it was superseded by the Hakkōda Tunnel on the extension to Aomori, at . In 2007 the Lötschberg Base Tunnel (), and in 2010 the Gotthard Base Tunnel (, bored through and due in service by 2016) in Switzerland superseded both.
2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami
On the afternoon of 11 March 2011, services on the Tohoku Shinkansen were suspended as a result of the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. JR East estimated that around 1,100 repairs would be required for the line between Omiya and Iwate-Numakunai, ranging from collapsed station roofs to bent power pylons.