_Extract from Mr. Hales._--"Both the Sahaptin and Wallawallas compress the head, but less than the tribes on the coast."
_The Kliketat_ are distinguished by having the lower part of the septum of the nose cut away.[119]
The imperfect industry of the Sahaptin tribes is considered to be on a higher level than that of either the Tshinúks or Tsihaili; so that, in this respect, they stand the first of the Oregon aborigines.
The same applies to their susceptibility of religious influences. With no family have the efforts of the missionaries been more successful than with the Nez-percés.
In physical appearance they are more like the Indians to the east of the Rocky Mountains, than any tribes hitherto described.
Lastly, the easternmost Sahaptin are on the limits of the buffalo area; and as such are partially hunters, as well as common to the two sides of the Rocky Mountains.
It is now convenient to return to the Pacific, and to follow from west to east the tribes that lie south of the area already described.
_Locality._--A strip of sea-coast between the Nsietshawus (Tsihaili) the Tlatskanai, the Kalapuya, the Umkwa, and the Saintskla.
_Locality._--Valley of the Upper Willamet.
_Conterminous_ with the Watlala Tshinúks, the Molele, the Tlatskanai and Umkwa Athabaskans.
_Dialects._--1. Proper Kalapuya. 2. The Tuhwallatie or Follatie. 3. Yamkallie of Mr. Tolmie.--How far are these the same?
_Locality._--Parts about Mount Hood and Mount Vancouver, south of the Columbia.
_Conterminous_ with the Watlala Tshinúks, the Kalapuya, the Cayús, and the Lutuami.
_Numbers._--"Reduced in 1841, by disease, to twenty souls. Probably now extinct."--_Hales._
_Locality._--South bank of the Columbia, between the Molele and the Paduca Shoshonis.
_Numbers._--About 500 good warriors, with extensive pasturage and large droves of horses, one chief having 2,000.--_Hales._
The note of interrogation denotes that the ethnological position of the Cayús is ambiguous. Mr. Hales makes them Molele, Dr. Scouler, Sahaptin.
_Locality._--Head-waters of the river Clamet, due south of the Molele, and conterminous with the Umkwa on the west, the Wihinast Shoshonis on the east, and the Palaiks and Shastis on the south.
We are now approaching a series of tribes known by little more than their names. Beginning at the sea-coast to the south of the strip occupied by the Yakon, and in the immediate neighbourhood of the Umkwa country, we find in proceeding from west to east--