Mary Virginia Cook Parrish (August 8, 1862 – October 11, 1945) taught, wrote and spoke on many issues such as women's suffrage, equal rights in the areas of employment and education, social and political reform, and the importance of religion and a Christian education. She was at the founding session of the National Association of Colored Women in 1896 at the 19th Street Baptist Church in Washington D.C. She was an early proponent of Black Baptist feminism and founder of the National Baptist Women's Convention in 1900.
Background and education
Mary Virginia Cook Parrish grew up in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Because of her location and her race, she was given very few academic opportunities. However, she was persistent and was finally given the opportunity to attend some of the black schools in the area. As she progressed throughout school she showed that she had excellent academic ability and soon became known as the best intellectual in the city. In 1891, she was awarded a book prize for being the top reader and a silver cup for being crowned the winner at a tri-school spelling bee. As she began to win these titles, more people in the surrounding areas took notice of her academic excellence.
Soon after receiving these awards, Dr. William J. Simmons, President of State University (later Simmons University), along with a group of women from the American Baptist Woman's Hope Society offered to pay for her to attend the university. Upon entering the university, Cook-Parrish studied in the normal department as well as teaching classes. Cook-Parrish graduated at the top of her class, with an A.B. degree from the normal school, and continued on to become a professor and Principal of the normal school department at Simmons University. In this role, she traveled extensively to raise funds for Simmons University, lecturing on the importance of a Christian education.
Renowned speaker
Coming from a background where gaining an education was a struggle and a great privilege, Cook-Parrish understood the severity in the amount of discrimination and inequality faced in the realms of education, societal conventions, and human rights. Her mission work with white Baptist missionary women expanded her inter-organizational alliances. Parrish spoke at a number of Baptist Conventions on the importance of an equal education for all, women's rights and social reform. In 1893 she had been elected the recording secretary of the National Baptist Educational Convention. As she continued to address these issues she came to be a famed and passionate speaker within the women's sphere.
Work as a journalist
As a natural progression, Cook-Parrish moved from speaking to writing and was able to get her ideas and words out to many more people. Just as she spoke on many of the important issues of the times, she wrote about gaining a better education system for females and African Americans, public reform, the significance of receiving a Christian education, and equality in all areas of society. She wrote for a variety of different newspapers and magazines including columns for The South Carolina Tribune and American Baptist. She became the editor of the Educational Department for the African American Baptist magazine, Our Women and Children. She also wrote articles for Hope, a missionary magazine that provided important communication to black women activists who attended the Black Baptist women's state conventions.
In an edition of the woman's column in the journal American Baptist, she wrote: White faces seem to think it their heaven-born right to practice civil war on negroes, to the extent of blood-shed and death. They look upon the life of their brother in black as a bubble to be blown away at their pleasure. The same spirit that existed in the South twenty-four years ago, is still recognized in its posterity. The negro is still clothed in swarthy skin, and he is still robbed of his rights as a citizen, made clear and fairly won to him by the death of those who fell in the late Rebellion. The outrage cannot endure.
While working at these publications, she fought her own battles. Oftentimes she would have to argue with the male editors of the papers to even get her ideas printed and wrote under the pen name of Grace Ermine. She didn't give up though and soon rose to positions of leadership despite the traditional reliance on males to set policy and exercise power in religious leadership roles. She worked diligently to have her ideas published so that the community could know what a great problem was facing society and so that more people would join her cause and work for a better tomorrow.