The following railroads operate in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
Common freight carriers
Aliquippa and Ohio River Railroad (AOR) Genesee & Wyoming
Allegheny Valley Railroad (AVR) Allentown & Auburn Railroad (ALLN) BD Highspire Holdings (BDHH) Belvidere and Delaware River Railway (BDRV) Brandywine Valley Railroad (BVRY) Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad (BPRR) (Genesee & Wyoming) Canadian National Railway (CN) through subsidiary Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad (BLE) Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC) through subsidiary Delaware & Hudson Railway (DH) Central New York Railroad (CNYK) Chestnut Ridge Railroad (CHR) Columbia and Reading Railway (CORY) Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRR) operates Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad (PBL) CSX (CSX) Delaware–Lackawanna Railroad (DL) East Erie Commercial Railroad (EEC) East Penn Railroad (ESPN) (Regional Rail, LLC) Elizabethtown Industrial Railroad (EZR) Everett Railroad (EV) Gettysburg & Northern Railroad (GET) Juniata Valley Railroad (JVRR) North Shore Railroad (Pennsylvania)) Kasgro Rail Lines (KRL) Kiski Junction Railroad (KJR) Landisville Railroad (LVR) Lehigh Railway (LRWY) Lehigh Valley Rail Management (LVRB, LVRC, LVRJ) Luzerne & Susquehanna Railway (LS) Lycoming Valley Railroad (LVRR) (North Shore Railroad (Pennsylvania)) Maryland Midland Railway (MMID) (Genesee & Wyoming) Middletown & Hummelstown Railroad (MIDH) New Castle Industrial Railroad (NCIR) New Hope Railroad (NHRR) New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway (NYSW) Nittany & Bald Eagle Railroad (NBER) (North Shore Railroad (Pennsylvania)) Norfolk Southern (NS) NDC Railroad (NDC) North Shore Railroad (NSHR) Oil Creek & Titusville Railroad (OCTL) Pennsylvania & Southern Railway (PSCC) Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad (PN) Pennsylvania Southwestern Railroad (PSWR) Pittsburgh, Allegheny & McKees Rocks Railroad (PAM) Pittsburgh & Ohio Central Railroad (POHC) (Genesee & Wyoming) Reading Blue Mountain & Northern Railroad (RBMN) R.J. Corman Railroad/Allentown Line (RJCN) R.J. Corman Railroad/Pennsylvania Lines (RJCP) Shamokin Valley Railroad (SVRR) (North Shore Railroad (Pennsylvania)) SMS Rail Lines (SRL) Operates Penn Jersey Rail Lines Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad (SWP) Strasburg Railroad (SRC) Tyburn Railroad (TYBR) (Regional Rail, LLC) Union Railroad (URR) Union County Industrial Railroad (UCIR) (North Shore Railroad (Pennsylvania)) Upper Merion & Plymouth Railroad (UMP) Wellsboro & Corning Railroad (WCOR) (Genesee & Wyoming) Western New York & Pennsylvania Railroad (WNYP) Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway (WE) York Railway (YRC) (Genesee and Wyoming) Operates Maryland & Pennsylvania Railroad (Genesee & Wyoming) and Yorkrail Youngstown & Southeastern Railroad (YSRR)
Private freight carriers
Cumberland Mine Railroad
Alpha Natural Resources
Conshohocken Recycling and Rail Transfer, Inc (CRRT) Juniata Terminal Company (JTFS) Leetsdale Industrial Terminal Railway (LIT)
Passenger carriers
Allentown & Auburn Railroad (heritage railroad) Amtrak (AMTK) (national passenger rail) CamTran (Johnstown mass transit agency operates Johnstown Inclined Plane) Colebrookdale Railroad (heritage railroad) Delaware Lackawanna RailRoad East Broad Top Railroad and Coal Company Fayette Central Railroad (tourist trains operating over Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad trackage) Kiski Junction Railroad (working railroad that also operates tourist trains) Lehigh Gorge Scenic Railway (heritage railroad) Lehigh Lackawanna RailRoad Middletown and Hummelstown Railroad (working railroad, but with emphasis on tourist trains) New Hope Railroad (working railroad that also operates tourist trains) New Jersey Transit Rail Operations (Atlantic City Line commuter train travels from Philadelphia) Oil Creek and Titusville Lines (working railroad, but with emphasis on tourist trains) Pioneer Lines Scenic Railway (heritage railroad) Port Authority of Allegheny County (Pittsburgh mass transit agency that operates The T light rail, the Monongahela Incline, and the Duquesne Incline) Port Authority Transit Corporation (Bi-state authority operates Philadelphia-Camden County subway line) Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (Philadelphia mass transit agency that operates SEPTA Regional Rail commuter lines, the Philadelphia Subway, and a variety of suburban light rail lines) Strasburg Railroad (heritage railroad) Tioga Central Railroad (heritage railroad) Wanamaker, Kempton and Southern Railroad (heritage railroad) West Chester Railroad (heritage railroad)