The Departments of Niger are subdivided into communes. As of 2005, in the seven Regions and one Capital Area, there were 36 départements, divided into 265 communes, 122 cantons and 81 groupements. The latter two categories cover all areas not covered by Urban Communes (population over 10000) or Rural Communes (population under 10000), and are governed by the Department, whereas Communes have (since 1999) elected councils and mayors. Additional semi-autonomous sub-divisions include Sultanates, Provinces and Tribes (tribus). The Nigerien government estimates there are an additional 17000 Villages administered by Rural Communes, while there are over 100 Quartiers (boroughs or neighborhoods) administered by Urban Communes.
The territorial reorganisation of Niger's local administration, known informally as the Decentralisation process, was carried out through a series of laws from 1998 - 2005. Most important are: The Constitution of 9 August 1999 ; Law n°98-032 of 14 September, determining the statutes for Communautés Urbaines ; Law n°2001-023 of 10 August 2001, creating the administrative boundaries and Territorial Collectivities; Law n° 2002-017 of 11 June 2002, determining the independent administration of Regions, Departments, and Communes, as well as their obligations and resources; Law n° 2002-014 of 11 June 2002, for the creation of the Communes and the fixing of their boundaries and seats (chefs-lieux).
While often translated as "town", Nigerien communes are simply the third level administrative subdivision of the nation. These can be classified Urban or Rural communes, and while often identical in territory to the administrative unit of a town or city, all areas of the country fall within a commune. The communes are listed below, by Department.
Aguie Department
Aguié
Tchadoua
Arlit Department
Arlit
Gougaram
Iferouane
Timia
Bilma Department
Bilma
Bkonni Department
Boboye Department
Harikanassou
Koygolo
Birni N'Gaouré
Bouza Department
Dakoro Department
Azaghor
Bader Goula
Bermo
Dakoro
Dan Goulbi
Gababedji
Kornaka
Roumbou
Sabon Machi
Tagriss
Diffa Department
Diffa
Bosso
Dogondoutchi Department
Dogondoutchi
Matankari
Kiéché
Dan Kassari
Dogon Kiria
Soucoucoutane
Koré Maïroua
Tibiri
Doumega
Guéchémé
Dosso Department
Filingue Department
Kourfey
Imanan
Tondikondia
Gaya Department
Goure Department
Groumdji Department
Illela Department
Badaguichiri
Illéla
Keita Department
Kollo Department
Kollo
N'Dounga
Bitinkodji
Fakara
Hamdallay
Karma
Kirtachi
Kouré
Liboré
Namaro
Loga Department
Madarounfa Department
Madaoua Department
Maine-soroa Department
Magaria Department
Maradi Department
Communauté Urbaine de Maradi
Commune de Maradi I
Commune de Maradi II
Commune de Maradi III
Matameye Department
Mayahi Department
Mirriah Department
Kolleram
N'guigmi Department
Niamey
Communauté Urbaine de Niamey (CUN) includes five Urban Communes and 99 Quarters, each with elected representatives (délégués de commune) to the Council of the Communauté Urbaine de Niamey. Commune de Niamey I : 20 quarters ; Commune de Niamey II : 17 quarters ; Commune de Niamey III : 17 quarters ; Commune de Niamey IV : 17 quarters ; Commune de Niamey V : 28 quarters .
Ouallam Department
Say Department
Say
Ouro Gueladjo
Tamou
Torodi
Tahoua Department
Affala
Bambaye
Barmou
Kalfou
Communauté Urbaine de Tahoua
Commune de Tahoua I
Commune de Tahoua II
Tanout Department
Six communes: Gangara Falanko Ollelewa Tanout Tarka Tenhya