The Departments of Niger are subdivided into communes. As of 2005, in the seven Regions and one Capital Area, there were 36 départements, divided into 265 communes, 122 cantons and 81 groupements. The latter two categories cover all areas not covered by Urban Communes (population over 10000) or Rural Communes (population under 10000), and are governed by the Department, whereas Communes have (since 1999) elected councils and mayors. Additional semi-autonomous sub-divisions include Sultanates, Provinces and Tribes (tribus). The Nigerien government estimates there are an additional 17000 Villages administered by Rural Communes, while there are over 100 Quartiers (boroughs or neighborhoods) administered by Urban Communes.

The territorial reorganisation of Niger's local administration, known informally as the Decentralisation process, was carried out through a series of laws from 1998 - 2005. Most important are: The Constitution of 9 August 1999 ; Law n°98-032 of 14 September, determining the statutes for Communautés Urbaines ; Law n°2001-023 of 10 August 2001, creating the administrative boundaries and Territorial Collectivities; Law n° 2002-017 of 11 June 2002, determining the independent administration of Regions, Departments, and Communes, as well as their obligations and resources; Law n° 2002-014 of 11 June 2002, for the creation of the Communes and the fixing of their boundaries and seats (chefs-lieux).

Communes of Niger

While often translated as "town", Nigerien communes are simply the third level administrative subdivision of the nation. These can be classified Urban or Rural communes, and while often identical in territory to the administrative unit of a town or city, all areas of the country fall within a commune. The communes are listed below, by Department.

Communes of Niger

Aguie Department

Aguié

Tchadoua

Arlit Department

Arlit

Gougaram

Iferouane

Timia

Bilma Department

Bilma

Bkonni Department

Boboye Department

Harikanassou

Koygolo

Birni N'Gaouré

Bouza Department

Dakoro Department

Azaghor

Bader Goula

Bermo

Dakoro

Dan Goulbi

Gababedji

Kornaka

Roumbou

Sabon Machi

Tagriss

Diffa Department

Diffa

Bosso

Dogondoutchi Department

Dogondoutchi

Matankari

Kiéché

Dan Kassari

Dogon Kiria

Soucoucoutane

Koré Maïroua

Tibiri

Doumega

Guéchémé

Dosso Department

Filingue Department

Kourfey

Imanan

Tondikondia

Gaya Department

Goure Department

Groumdji Department

Illela Department

Badaguichiri

Illéla

Keita Department

Kollo Department

Kollo

N'Dounga

Bitinkodji

Fakara

Hamdallay

Karma

Kirtachi

Kouré

Liboré

Namaro

Loga Department

Madarounfa Department

Madaoua Department

Maine-soroa Department

Magaria Department

Maradi Department

Communauté Urbaine de Maradi

Commune de Maradi I

Commune de Maradi II

Commune de Maradi III

Matameye Department

Mayahi Department

Mirriah Department

Kolleram

N'guigmi Department

Niamey

Communauté Urbaine de Niamey (CUN) includes five Urban Communes and 99 Quarters, each with elected representatives (délégués de commune) to the Council of the Communauté Urbaine de Niamey. Commune de Niamey I : 20 quarters ; Commune de Niamey II : 17 quarters ; Commune de Niamey III : 17 quarters ; Commune de Niamey IV : 17 quarters ; Commune de Niamey V : 28 quarters .

Communes of Niger

Ouallam Department

Say Department

Say

Ouro Gueladjo

Tamou

Torodi

Tahoua Department

Affala

Bambaye

Barmou

Kalfou

Communauté Urbaine de Tahoua

Commune de Tahoua I

Commune de Tahoua II

Tanout Department

Six communes: Gangara Falanko Ollelewa Tanout Tarka Tenhya