(meaning "watchmaking manufacturer") is a French language term of horology that has also been adopted in the English language as a loanword. In horology, the term is usually encountered in its abbreviated form manufacture. This term is used when describing a wrist watch movement or watchworks fabricator which makes all or most of the parts required for its products in its own production facilities, as opposed to simply assembling watches using parts purchased from other firms.
Definition
The Dictionnaire professionnel illustré de l'horlogerie (The Illustrated Professional Dictionary of the Watchmaking Industry) defines manufacture as follows: In the Swiss watch industry the term manufacture is used of a factory in which watches are manufactured almost completely, as distinct from an atelier de terminage, which is concerned only with assembling, timing, fitting the hands and casing.
The concept of manufacture in the Swiss watch making industry refers to any firm that at least designs calibres, produces the movements parts thereof called ébauches, and assembles them into watches. For example, a company that does not manufacture crystals (the watch glass) or hairsprings may still be regarded as a manufacture.
Examples
The following companies produce whole watches, including cases and movements: A. Lange & Söhne Aquastar (watch brand) Audemars Piguet Blancpain Breguet Breitling SA Bvlgari Cartier (some models) Chopard Citizen Watch Damasko (some models) Frédérique Constant (some models) F. P. Journe Gallet & Co. Girard-Perregaux Glashutte Original Moritz Grossman H. Moser & Cie Hamilton Hublot IWC Jaeger-LeCoultre Jaquet Droz Lang & Heyne Maurice Lacroix Omega SA Orient Panerai Parmigiani Fleurier Patek Philippe & Co. Piaget SA Roger Dubuis Rolex Seagull Seiko The Swatch Group Tudor Ulysse Nardin Vacheron Constantin Vostok Vulcain Watches Zenith