4. As portions of a _mixed_ population beyond their proper area--In Sweden and Norway.
_Religion._--Lutheranism, Romanism, Greek Church, Imperfect Christianity, Shamanism.
_Physical conformation._--Chief departure from the Mongol type, the frequency of blue eyes, and light (red) hair.
_Conterminous with._--1. Goths of the Scandinavian group in Norway and Sweden; 2. Slavonians in Russia; 3. Lithuanians in Esthonia; 4, 5, 6. Turks, Yeniseians, and Tungús in Siberia. In Europe, in contact with the North Sea. East of Archangel, separated therefrom by the Samöeids.
_Divisions._--1. Trans-Uralian Ugrians.--Between the Ural Mountains and the Yenisey. _Voguls_ and _Ostiaks_.
2. Permian Finns.--_Permians_, _Siranians_, _Votiaks_.
3. Finns of the Volga.--_Morduins_, _Tcheremiss_, _Tshuvatsh_.
_Locality._--The northern part of the Uralian range, and the country to the east as far as the Irtish, and Tobol, and as far north as the Soswa a feeder of the Obi. Tradition says that they extended as far westward as the Dwina. Probability that they extended further south.
_Name._--The Voguls call themselves and the Ostiaks Mansi. They are called by the Siranians Yograyess, and Vagol.
_Conterminous with._--The Siranians on the west, the Obi Ostiaks on the east, the Bashkirs on the south.
_Dialects._--The northern Vogul of the Sosva, the southern of the Tura, a tributary of the Tobol.
_Population._--According to Schubert, one hundred thousand.
_Religion._--Shamanism, or imperfect Christianity.
_Physical appearance._--Stature small, complexion light, face broad and round, beard scanty, hair long, black, or brown, sometimes red. The Kalmuk (_i.e._ Mongolian) character of the Vogul physiognomy is noticed by Pallas.
The Voguls are very nearly on the low level of a tribe of fishers and hunters. Except towards the south, where they are partially Russianized, and where they have also partially adopted the manners of the Bashkirs, there is but little pasturage, and no agriculture. The horse is not in use amongst them--the rein-deer being the nearest approach to a domestic animal. Their tribute is paid in its skins.
_Locality._--Valley of the Obi--Eastwards to the Yenisey.
_Name._--Russian, probably originally Bashkir. The native name--Kondycho, Tyakum, or Asyakh. Called by the Samöeids, Thahe; by the Voguls, Mansi.