On misuses of the term "Declaration" _cf. supra_, pp. 90, 91, 92.
Sir,--The new German Note handed on Thursday last to the representatives of the neutral Powers supports its allegation that the four Allied Powers "have trampled upon right and torn up the treaties on which it was based" by the following statement:--
"Already in the first weeks of the war England had renounced the Declaration of London, the contents of which her own delegates had recognised as binding in international law."
It is surely notorious that the delegates of a Power, by agreeing to the draft of a treaty, give to it no international validity, which results only when the treaty has been ratified by their Government. The Declaration of London has, most fortunately, never been ratified by the Government of Great Britain.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant, T. E. HOLLAND. Oxford, January 13 (1917).
Absolute contraband. _See_ Contraband Abstention, 129 Acquiescence, State duty of, 129, 130, 133, 136 _Actæon_, the, 176, 179 Acts of Parliament, 61, 63 Admiralty Manual of Prize Law, 156, 159, 192 Aerial warfare, 61 Air, opposite views as to rights over, 64, 65 Aircraft in war, 69 _Alabama_, the, 131, 183 _Alexander, Mrs., the cotton of_, 153 Alien enemies, civil disabilities of, 47, 49, 205 _Allanton_, the, 158, 161, 162, 163 _Ancipitis usus_, articles, 148 _Angarie, Droit d'_, 170 _Appam_, the, 146 _Arabia_, the, 152 Arbitration, 1-6, 184 treaties, general, 6, 7 treaties, limited, _ib._ cases fit for, 5 the Hague tribunal of, 5 Armaments, limitation of, 184 Armed civilians, 77 Neutralities, the, 83 Army, duties of, 77 Article 23 (h), 47, 49, 206, 207 restricting application, 146 Aspirations, 99 Assassination, 93 _Asturias_, the, 60 Asylum to belligerent warships, 129, 143 _Atalanta_, the, 160 Aube, Admiral, 116 Authentic interpretation, 107, 196, 199, 201, 205
Baden-Powell, Sir G., 81, 85, 87 Baker, Sir Sherston, 85 Balfour, Mr. A.J., 13, 15, 73, 74, 173 Balloons, projectiles from, 30, 62 Base of operations, neutral duty as to, 129, 134, 144, 145 Baty, Dr. T., 161 Bays, 166, 167 Belligerents, lawful, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 Beresford, Lord Charles, 118 _Bermuda_, the, 160 Bills criticised, 36-40, 47, 192 Birkenhead, Lord, 135 Bismarck, Prince, 170 Bliss, Sir H., 150 Blockade, belligerent, 29, 83, 156 fictitious, 57, 59 pacific, 9-14, 17 Bluntschli's reply to Von Moltke, 26 Bombardment, 62 of open coast towns, 30, 62 from the air, 112, 123 Bondholders, foreign, vindication of rights of, 15 Bowles, Mr. Gibson, 54, 87, 89, 90, 92, 141, 173, 177, 178, 198 Brandschatz, 117 Brassard, effect of a, 79 Bright, Sir Charles, 171, 172 British Academy, author's paper at, 174 British Manual of Military Law, 74 Handbooks on War on Land, 75, 76 Brodrick, Mr., 75 _Brown_ v. _United States_, 45 Brusa, Prof., 130 Brussels Conference, the, of 1874, 68, 74, 77, 114, 172 Bullets, expanding, 22, 94, 96 explosive, 22, 94, 95 in savage warfare, 94 _Bundesrath_, the, 29, 157, 160 Butler, General B.F., 153 Bynkershoek, 45, 71, 165, 166