GRANDProto300 is one of the prototype experiments of the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection. It will feature about 300 radio antenna detectors in Xiaodushang in Dunhuang, China, covering a total geometrical area of about 200 km$^2$. A main scientific goal of GRANDProto300 is the study of cosmic rays in the transition region ($10^{ 17}\, { \rm eV} < E < 10^{ 18.5}\, { \rm eV}$). Our study calculates the exposure of GRANDProto300 to cosmic rays and estimates the number of cosmic-ray events to be detected during a fixed observation period. The trigger efficiency reaches 50, 80, and 90% at $10^{ 17.5}$, $10^{ 17.9}$, and $10^{ 18.3}\, { \rm eV}$, respectively. The exposure of GRANDProto300 is 50 km$^2$ day sr at around $10^{ 17.5}$ eV, and the expected number of observed cosmic rays with energies above $10^{ 17}$ eV and zenith angles above 65$^{ \circ}$ is about 130 events per day. GRANDProto300 will be able to measure the cosmic-ray energy spectrum in $10^{ 17.2}\, { \rm eV} < E < 10^{ 19.5}\, { \rm eV}$ through one-year observation, with a statistical precision about five times better than the previous spectral measurement by a mono-fluorescence detector of the Telescope Array Low-Energy Extension. The statistical uncertainty in the measurement of the mean depth of the air-shower maximum $X_{ \rm max}$ is about five times better than the previous measurements using radio detectors at $10^{ 17.5}$ eV; systematic uncertainties should be a dominant contribution limiting our interpretation of the chemical composition of cosmic rays in the transition region.
Categories: astro-ph.IM astro-ph.HE