The Maguindanao division plebiscite was held in the province of Maguindanao, Philippines, on September 17, 2022, more than four months after the May 9 national and local elections, after having been postponed from its planned plebiscite in or before August 2021. As required by Republic Act No. 11550, it was conducted to seek the consent of the residents of Maguindanao on the proposal to divide the province into two separate provinces that will henceforth be named Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur.
The proposal was overwhelmingly accepted (99%) by the electorate and declared official on September 18, 2022, paving the way for the division of the province.
Background
Shariff Kabunsuan
The traces of the proposed division go back to the formation of Shariff Kabunsuan. The province was established by Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 201 of the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly. It was composed of 11 municipalities: Barira, Buldon, Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, Kabuntalan, Matanog, Northern Kabuntalan, Parang, Sultan Kudarat, Sultan Mastura, and Upi, with Datu Odin Sinsuat as its designated capital. Cotabato City became part of Shariff Kabunsuan, but for geographical and statistical purposes only. However, the province was short-lived due to the Supreme Court case Sema v. COMELEC, citing that only Congress shall have the power to create legislative districts, and in turn, cities and provinces.
Legislative history
In 2017, Maguindanao 1st district representative Bai Sandra Sema filed House Bill No. 5185, which seeks to divide Maguindanao into two: Maguindanao North and Maguindanao South. Maguindanao North would have had the same composition as the former province of Shariff Kabunsuan, with Datu Odin Sinsuat as its designated capital. However, the bill did not get past the 17th Congress.
During the 18th Congress in August 2019, Maguindanao 2nd district representative Esmael Mangudadatu filed House Bill No. 3405 in order to create Maguindanao North. Its municipalities would have been composed of the former municipalities of Shariff Kabunsuan, along with Datu Anggal Midtimbang and Talitay (Sultan Sumagka). However, its designated capital was the municipality of Sultan Kudarat, which differed from the other bills filed.
In September 2019, Maguindanao 1st district Datu Roonie Sinsuat Sr. filed House Bill No. 4840 in order to create Western Maguindanao. It would also have been composed of the former municipalities of Shariff Kabunsuan, along with the additional municipalities of Talitay (Sultan Sumagka) and South Upi.
Consolidated as House Bill No. 6413, it became the final version of the act that would split Maguindanao into two: Northern Maguindanao and Southern Maguindanao. Northern Maguindanao would be consisted of 12 municipalities:
Meanwhile, Southern Maguindanao would be consisted of 24 municipalities:
Northern Maguindanao would resemble the original territory of Shariff Kabunsuan with the addition of Talitay (Sultan Sumagka). The final designated capital for Northern Maguindanao would be Datu Odin Sinsuat. The capital of Southern Maguindanao would be Buluan. The bill was passed by the 18th Congress on February 27, 2020. Senator Francis Tolentino co-sponsored the house bill in the Senate, citing the need for better delivery of government services within the province. Senator Migz Zubiri shared the same sentiment. The bill was amended by the Senate on March 9, 2021, and the amendments were concurred in by the House of Representatives on March 22, 2021.