184 L. R. Farnell, “Sociological hypotheses concerning the position of women in ancient religion,” _Archiv für Religionswissenschaft_, vii. (1904) p. 88; M. P. Nilsson, _Griechische Feste_ (Leipsic, 1906), pp. 366 _sq._; Fr. Cumont, _Les religions orientales dans le paganisme Romain_2 (Paris, 1909), pp. 361 _sq._ A different and, in my judgment, a truer view of these customs was formerly taken by Prof. Nilsson. See his _Studia de Dionysiis Atticis_ (Lund, 1900), pp. 119-121. For a large collection of facts bearing on this subject and a judicious discussion of them, see W. Hertz, “Die Sage vom Giftmädchen,” _Gesammelte Abhandlungen_ (Stuttgart and Berlin, 1905), pp. 195-219. My attention was drawn to this last work by Prof. G. L. Hamilton of the University of Michigan after my manuscript had been sent to the printer. With Hertz’s treatment of the subject I am in general agreement, and I have derived from his learned treatise several references to authorities which I had overlooked.
M40 The theory does not account for the religious character of the custom,
186 Above, p. 38. Prof. Nilsson is mistaken in affirming (_op. cit._ p. 367) that the Lydian practice was purely secular: the inscription which I have cited proves the contrary. Both he and Dr. Farnell fully recognize the religious aspect of most of these customs in antiquity, and Prof. Nilsson attempts, as it seems to me, unsuccessfully, to indicate how a practice supposed to be purely secular in origin should have come to contract a religious character.
M41 Nor for the prostitution of married women.
M42 Nor for the repeated prostitution of the same women.
M43 Nor for the “sacred men” beside the “sacred women”.
M44 And is irreconcilable with the payment of the women.
192 L. di Varthema, _Travels_ (Hakluyt Society, 1863), pp. 141, 202-204 (Malabar); J. A. de Mandlesloe, in J. Harris’s _Voyages and Travels_, i. (London, 1744), p. 767 (Malabar); Richard, “History of Tonquin,” in J. Pinkerton’s _Voyages and Travels_, ix. 760 _sq._ (Aracan); A. de Morga, _The Philippine Islands, Moluccas, Siam, Cambodia, Japan, and China_ (Hakluyt Society, 1868), pp. 304 _sq._ (the Philippines); J. Mallat, _Les Philippines_ (Paris, 1846), i. 61 (the Philippines); L. Moncelon, in _Bulletins de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris_, 3me Série, ix. (1886) p. 368 (New Caledonia); H. Crawford Angas, in _Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte_, 1898, p. 481 (Azimba, Central Africa); Sir H. H. Johnston, _British Central Africa_ (London, 1897), p. 410 (the Wa-Yao of Central Africa). See further, W. Hertz, “Die Sage vom Giftmädchen,” _Gesammelte Abhandlungen_, pp. 198-204.