See Trendelenburg, _Zur Erinnerung an C. A. B_. (Berlin, 1868).
BRANDON, a city and port of entry of Manitoba, Canada, on the Assiniboine river, and the Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern railways, situated 132 m. W. of Winnipeg, 1184 ft. above the sea. Pop. (1891) 3778; (1907) 12,519. It is in one of the finest agricultural sections and contains a government experimental farm, grain elevators, saw and grist mills. It was first settled in 1881, and incorporated as a city in 1882.
BRANDON, a market town in the Stowmarket parliamentary division of Suffolk, England, on the Little Ouse or Brandon river, 86½ m. N.N.E. from London by the Ely-Norwich line of the Great Eastern railway. Pop. (1901) 2327. The church of St Peter is Early English with earlier portions; there is a free grammar school founded in 1646; and the town has some carrying trade by the Little Ouse in corn, coal and timber. Rabbit skins of fine texture are dressed and exported. Extensive deposits of flint are worked in the neighbourhood, and the work of the "flint-knappers" has had its counterpart here from the earliest eras of man. Close to Brandon, but in Norfolk across the river, at the village of Weeting, are the so-called Grimes' Graves, which, long supposed to show the foundations of a British village, and probably so occupied, were proved by excavation to have been actually neolithic flint workings. The pits, though almost completely filled up (probably as they became exhausted), were sunk through the overlying chalk to the depth of 20 to 60 ft., and numbered 254 in all. Passages branched out from them, and among other remains picks of deer-horn were discovered, one actually bearing in the chalk which coated it the print of the workman's hand.
BRANDY, an alcoholic, potable spirit, obtained by the distillation of grape wine. The frequently occurring statement that the word "brandy" is derived from the High German _Branntwein_ is incorrect, inasmuch as the English word (as Fairley has pointed out) is quite as old as any of its continental equivalents. It is simply an abbreviation of the Old English _brandewine_, _brand-wine_ or _brandy wine_, the word "brand" being common to all the Teutonic languages of northern Europe, meaning a thing burning or that has been burnt. John Fletcher's _Beggar's Bush_ (1622) contains the passage, "Buy brand wine"; and from the Roxburgh _Ballads_ (1650) we have "It is more fine than brandewine." The word "brandy" came into familiar use about the middle of the 17th century, but the expression "brandywine" was retained in legal documents until 1702 (Fairley). Thus in 1697 (_View Penal Laws_, 173) there occurs the sentence, "No aqua vitae or brandywine shall be imported into England." The _British Pharmacopoeia_ formerly defined French brandy, which was the only variety mentioned (officially _spiritus vini gallici_), as "Spirit distilled from French wine; it has a characteristic flavour, and a light sherry colour derived from the cask in which it has been kept." In the latest edition the Latin title _spiritus vini gallici_ is retained, but the word _French_ is dropped from the text, which now reads as follows: "A spirituous liquid distilled from wine and matured by age, and containing not less than 36½% by weight or 43½% by volume of ethyl hydroxide." The _United States Pharmacopoeia_ (1905), retains the Latin expression _spiritus vini gallici_ (English title _Brandy_), defined as "an alcoholic liquid obtained by the distillation of the fermented, unmodified juice of fresh grapes."