186. Stele of Diodorus, a gymnasiarch; showing 490 oil-tank, crown, palms, votive tablets, and wrestler’s cap. Found at Prusa. Imperial period. (_Berichte d. Sächsischen Gesellschaft d. Wissenschaften_, 1873, Pl. i.; Schreiber, _Atlas_, xxi. 6)
187. Plan of lower gymnasium, Priene. (_Priene_, 493 Fig. 271)
188. Bath-room in gymnasium, Priene. (_Priene_, 495 Fig. 278)
189. Plan of gymnasia at Pergamum. (Simplified 499 from _Ath. Mitth._ xxix. Pl. viii.; xxxiii. Pl. xviii.)
190. Stele representing victorious crew. Athens. 508 Hellenistic period. (_J.H.S._ xi. p. 149)
LIST OF THE COMMONEST ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE NOTES
_Ath. Mitth._ Mittheilungen des Deutschen Arch. Inst., Athenische Abtheilung.
_B.C.H._ Bulletin de Correspondance hellénique.
_Berl. Vas._ Furtwängler, Beschreibung der Vasensammlung zu Berlin.
_B.M. Bronzes_ British Museum Catalogue of Bronzes.
_B.M.C._ British Museum Catalogue of Greek Coins.
_B.M. Vases_ British Museum Catalogue of Vases, 1893, etc.
_B.S.A._ Annual of the British School at Athens.
_C.R._ Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions.
Dar.-Sagl. Daremberg-Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquités.
Ditt. _Syll._ Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum.
Gerhard, _A. V._ Gerhard, Auserlesene Vasenbilder.
_Greek Sculpture_ E. A. Gardner, Handbook of Greek Sculpture.
_Jahrb._ Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts.
Krause, _Gym._ J. H. Krause, Die Gymnastik und Agonistik der Hellenen.
_Ol._ Olympia. Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabung.
_Ol. Ins._ Die Inschriften von Olympia = Textb. v. of “Die Ergebnisse.”
_Ox. Pap._ Grenfell and Hunt, Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
_Röm. Mitth._ Mittheilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abtheilung.
PART I A HISTORY OF GREEK ATHLETICS AND ATHLETIC FESTIVALS FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO 393 A.D.
The recent revival of the Olympic games is a striking testimony to the influence which ancient Greece still exercises over the modern world, and to the important place which athletics occupied in the life of the Greeks. Other nations may have given equal attention to the physical education of the young; other nations may have been equally fond of sport; other nations may have produced individual athletes, individual performances equal or superior to those of the Greeks, but nowhere can we find any parallel to the athletic ideal expressed in the art and literature of Greece, or to the extraordinary vitality of her athletic festivals. The growth of this ideal, and the history of the athletic festivals, are the subject of the following chapters.