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In Chapter ‘FORMULAS AND TABLES’, ‘7. WEIGHTS AND AREAS OF SQUARE AND ROUND BARS....’ [square] represents a square symbol in the original and [round] represents a circular symbol.
[Illustration: A MANUAL TRAINING FORGE SHOP]
BY WILLIAM L. ILGEN FORGING INSTRUCTOR, CRANE TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
WITH EDITORIAL REVISION BY CHARLES F. MOORE HEAD OF MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT, CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
Teachers of forge work generally supply their own course of instruction and arrange the exercises for practice. The necessary explanations and information are given orally, and hence often with very unsatisfactory results, as the average student is not able to retain all the essential points of the course. It was the desire to put this instruction in some permanent form for the use of forge students that led the author to undertake this work.
The author wishes to express his thanks for the advice and encouragement of his fellow-teachers, Dr. H. C. Peterson, Mr. Frank A. Fucik, and Mr. Richard Hartenberg. Special obligations are due to Mr. Charles F. Moore, Head of the Mechanical Department in the Central Commercial and Manual Training High School of Newark, New Jersey, for his valuable editorial service.
Figures 146, 147, 150, 153, 157, and 158 have been reproduced, by permission of the publishers, from “Manufacture of Iron” and “Manufacture of Steel,” copyrighted 1902, by the International Textbook Company. Acknowledgments are due also to the Inland Steel Company for the privilege of using Figures 145, 148, 149, 159-163, 166; and to the Columbia Tool Steel Company for the use of Figures 151, 152, 154-156.
PAGE CHAPTER I. TOOLS AND APPLIANCES.--1. The Forge; 2. Fire Tools; 3. Fuels; 4. The Anvil; 5. The Hammers; 6. The ball peen hammer; 7. The cross peen hammer; 8. The straight peen hammer; 9. The sledges; 10. The Tongs; 11. The flat-jawed tongs; 12. The hollow bit tongs; 13. The pick-up tongs; 14. The side tongs; 15. The chisel tongs; 16. The link tongs; 17. The tool or box tongs; 18. Anvil and Forging Tools; 19. The hardy; 20. The cold and hot cutters; 21. The hot cutter; 22. The flatter; 23. The square- and round-edged set hammers; 24. The punches; 25. The top and bottom swages; 26. The top and bottom fullers; 27. The button head set or snap; 28. The heading tool; 29. The swage block; 30. The surface plate; 31. The tapered mandrels; 32. Bench and Measuring Tools; 33. The bench or box vise; 34. The chisels; 35. The center punch; 36. The rule; 37. The dividers; 38. The calipers; 39. The scriber or scratch awl; 40. The square; 41. The bevel; 42. The hack saw; 43. The files 1