+Results of the Second Samnite War.+ Roman influence became supreme in Campania and Apulia, and the Samnites were confined to their own mountains. In 304 B.C. the Romans renewed their ancient Treaty with the Samnites (as Livy tells us) by which they were left in possession of their independence.
+Why the Romans conquered.+ (1) Their conduct of the war was more systematic. (2) By their plan of fortified colonies (e.g. Cales, Fregellae, Luceria) they retained their hold on the conquered territory. (3) The diplomatic skill of the Senate secured the friendship of the neighbours of the Samnites (e.g. the Apulians and Lucanians).
_Battle of Sentinum, 295 B.C. ‘Novum pugnae genus.’_
Ferocior Decius et aetate et vigore animi quantumcunque virium habuit certamine primo effudit. Et quia lentior videbatur pedestris pugna, equitatum in pugnam concitat et ipse fortissimae iuvenum turmae immixtus orat proceres iuventutis, in hostem { 5} ut secum impetum faciant: duplicem illorum gloriam fore, si ab laevo cornu et ab equite victoria incipiat. Bis avertere Gallicum equitatum; iterum longius evectos et iam inter media peditum agmina proelium cientes novum pugnae conterruit genus: essedis { 10} carrisque superstans armatus hostis ingenti sonitu equorum rotarumque advenit et insolitos eius tumultus Romanorum conterruit eqnos. Ita victorem equitatum velut lymphaticus pavor dissipat; sternit inde ruentes equos virosque improvida fuga, { 15} turbata hinc etiam signa legionum multique impetu equorum ac vehiculorum raptorum per agmen obtriti antesignani; et insecuta, simul territos hostes vidit, Gallica acies nullum spatium respirandi recipiendique se dedit. { 20}
[Linenotes: 1. +Decius.+ P. Decius Mus, Consul with Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus, commanded the left wing at the Battle of Sentinum, where he was opposed to the Gauls, and when his troops began to give way before the Gaulish chariots (+essedae+) he, like his father at the Battle of Vesuvius, 340 B.C., devoted[25] himself with the hostile army ‘to the gods of earth and of the grave.’ 5. +proceres iuventutis+ = _the flower of the young men_. 8. +avertere+ (= +se avertere+) = _to retire_ (lit. _turn away_). 10. +essedis+ = _war-chariots_, on two wheels, open in front, but closed behind, and drawn by two horses; used also by the Britons. 14. +lymphaticus+ = _mad_, _frenzied_. 16. +turbata ... signa legionum+ = _the ranks of the legions were thrown into disorder_. +Signa+ is frequently used of military movement, as the most noticeable feature in an army.]