The grand chancellor () was one of the most senior offices in the Republic of Venice. Alone among the senior magistracies, which were reserved for the Venetian patriciate, it was held by common citizens ().
History and functions
The origins of the title are unknown. It appeared along with the chancery of the Doge of Venice, and is first mentioned in the sources in 1268. It was the highest office held exclusively by , the non-noble citizens of the Republic of Venice, and as a result it was also the de facto head of this social class, just as the Doge was for the patriciate. The holder of the office enjoyed unusual privileges: the title of Excellency, purple clothing like the Doge's, and a very high place in the order of precedence—right after the Doge, the ducal councillors, and the Procurators of Saint Mark.
The grand chancellor was elected by the Great Council of Venice, and supervised the Doge's chancery and the archives of the Venetian state. Exceptionally for Venetian magistracies, tenure was for life, as for the Doge and the Procurators of Saint Mark. The chancellor had the right to enter all governing councils of the Republic, along with the Doge. He kept the registers of elections to the councils, was responsible for the appointment of notaries, and kept the state treaties with foreign powers in a locked closet (the ), to which only he had access.
His deputies were the and of the chancery. The chancery comprised a hundred clerks, likewise recruited exclusively from the non-noble citizenry; The historian Ioana Iordanou stresses that "[t]hese were different from other public officers in a significant way: recruitment was subject to rigorous public examinations, formal training, and, more often than not, continuous professional development". After an examination, they attained the rank of extraordinary clerk (), and after five years progressed to become ordinary clerk (). The clerks were often entrusted with sensitive missions on behalf of the state, including as residents in embassies abroad (though not as amabssadors). Higher levels still were as secretary to the Venetian Senate and ultimately as secretary to the Council of Ten, posts which were attained after further years of service or successful missions abroad.
List of grand chancellors
Corrado Ducato from 13 July 1268
Tanto de Tanti from 20 March 1281
Jacopo Bertoldi from 10 September 1314
Nicolò Pistorino from 25 April 1323
from 1 July 1352
from 25 June 1365
Pietro Rossi from 11 September 1390
Desiderato Lucio from 10 January 1394
Giovanni Vito from 23 April 1396
Nicolò Ghirardo from 8 May 1402
Giovanni Piumazzo from 12 July 1405
Francesco Bevazzano from 28 June 1428
Francesco della Siega from 18 November 1439
Alessandro fromle Fornaci from 19 August 1470
Febo Cappella from 20 May 1480
Luigi Dardani from 22 December 1510
from 23 March 1511
Giampietro Stella from 26 January 1516
Nicolò Aurelio from 22 August 1523
Girolamo Dedo from 17 July 1524
Andrea de Franceschi from 17 September 1529
Lorenzo Rocca from 20 January 1551
Francesco Ottobon from 19 April 1559
Andrea Frizier from 25 December 1575
Giovanni Formenti from 8 January 1580
Andrea Suriano from 20 January 1586
Domenico de Vico from 17 May 1595
Francesco Girardi from 15 February 1604
Bonifaccio Antelami from 30 May 1605
Leonardo Ottoboni from 14 November 1610
Giovambattista Padavino from 15 November 1630
Marco Ottoboni from 25 May 1639
Marcantonio Businello from 1 September 1646
Agostino Vianoli from 12 May 1651
Giovambattista Ballarin from 15 November 1660
Domenico Ballarin from 14 November 1666
Pietro Businello from 1 November 1698
Giovambattista Nicolosi from 8 August 1713
Angelo Zon from 28 June 1717
Giovanni Maria Vincenti from 16 February 1726
Giovanni Domenico Imberti from 24 February 1745
Orazio Bertolini from 8 May 1746
Giovanni Colombo from 18 December 1766
Giovan Girolamo Zuccato from 8 March 1772
Giovanni Antonio Gabrieli from 7 June 1784 to 12 May 1797 (Fall of the Republic of Venice)
References
Sources
Further reading
Government of the Republic of Venice
Chancellors (government) 1797 disestablishments in the Republic of Venice Lists of office-holders