In front the transverse wedge is flattened and compressed, so as to look forward and outward, and in the middle shows a large ovate pneumatic foramen. Behind, the wedge is compressed so as to look backward and downward.
The neural spine is massive and forms rather more than half the height of the vertebra. It is flattened with a ridge rising near its base in front and ascending in a concave curve obliquely backward and upward. The anterior parts approximate a little in front, while the small parts posterior to the ridge approximate a little behind. The sides of the neural spine approximate superiorly, and appear to round into each other.
There is a notch on each side in front at the base of the neural spine, and another above the central articulation. The neural spines appear to have been united by suture. It may be instructive to compare the neural spine just described with the specimens =J=. _c_. 10.
Of the second type or genus No. 4 to 7 all show the anterior cup for the last lumbar vertebra. No. 3, 5 and 6 all show two entire vertebræ and part of a third preserved, but no specimen shows the posterior termination of the sacrum. No. 7 has the articular face of the centrum very broad, and greatly depressed. In No. 6 it is ovate and has the neural arch preserved; above a semicircular neural canal it sends out on each side a short horn-like zygapophysial process. No. 4 is remarkable for the small size of the circular neural canal, the centrum when entire measuring an inch from side to side, while the neural canal only measures 5/16 of an inch. No. 5 is figured by Prof. Owen. No. 4-6 appear to have given off transverse processes from the sides of the centra. No. 7 appears to widen into transverse processes at the point of suture between the centra.
In No. 3 the base of the sacrum is flattened, and its sides pinched in, and concave in outline from back to front. In this hollow are small pneumatic foramina, and between the hollows the vertebræ widen in the line of the suture so as to send out strong short transverse processes or tubercles. Above the hollows are given out the strong horizontal quadrate pyramidal transverse processes. All their sides are flattened or a little concave, and the under side displays a large ovate pneumatic foramen. Each of the four angles of the transverse process gives off a ridge. The lower ones descend obliquely to the anterior and posterior intersutural tubercles. The upper two ascend obliquely, in front and behind, and form rounded ridges on the neural spine. The neural spine is flattened, moderately compressed from side to side, and cupped a little over each transverse process. In front the neural spine is flattened transversely and perpendicular; the transverse processes are also flattened and a little in advance of the neural spine.