_Aes purum _Gedigen kupfer_ Native copper Native copper fossile_
_Aes rude _Kupferglas ertz_ Chalcocite *Copper glance plumbei (Cu_{ 2}S) coloris_
_Chalcitis_ _Rodt atrament_ A decomposed _Chalcitis_ (see copper or notes on p. 573) iron sulphide
_Pyrites aurei } _Geelkis oder { Part chalcopyrite Copper pyrites colore_ } kupferkis_ { (Cu Fe S) part } { bornite _Pyrites aerosus_ } { (Cu_{ 3}FeS_{ 3})
_Chrysocolla_ _Berggrün und { Part chrysocolla Chrysocolla (see schifergrün_ { Part Malachite note 7, p. 560)
_Molochites_ _Molochit_ Malachite Malachite
_Lapis aerarius_ _Kupfer ertz_ -- Copper ore
_Aes caldarium } _Lebeter kupfer_ { When used for rubrum fuscum_ } { an ore, is *Ruby copper ore or } { probably _Aes sui coloris_ } _Rotkupfer_ { cuprite
_Aes nigrum_ _Schwartz kupfer_ Probably CuO from *Black copper oxidation of other minerals
In addition to the above the Author uses the following, which were in the main artificial products:
_Aerugo_ _Grünspan oder Verdigris Verdigris Spanschgrün_
_Aes luteum_ _Gelfarkupfer_ } Impure blister { Unrefined copper } copper { (see note 16, } { p. 511) _Aes caldarium_ _Lebeterkupfer_ } {
_Aeris flos_ _Kupferbraun_ } Cupric oxide { Copper flower } scales { } { _Aeris squama_ _Kupferhammer- } { Copper scale (see schlag_ } { note 9, p. 233)
_Atramentum _Blaw kupfer Chalcanthite Native blue sutorium wasser_ vitriol (see caeruleum_ or note on p. 572) _chalcanthum_
Blue and green copper minerals were distinguished by all the ancient mineralogists. Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny, etc., all give sufficient detail to identify their _cyanus_ and _caeruleum_ partly with modern azurite, and their _chrysocolla_ partly with the modern mineral of the same name. However, these terms were also used for vegetable pigments, as well as for the pigments made from the minerals. The Greek origin of _chrysocolla_ (_chrysos_, gold and _kolla_, solder) may be blamed with another and distinct line of confusion, in that this term has been applied to soldering materials, from Greek down to modern times, some of the ancient mineralogists even asserting that the copper mineral _chrysocolla_ was used for this purpose. Agricola uses _chrysocolla_ for borax, but is careful to state in every case (see note xx., p. x): "_Chrysocolla_ made from _nitrum_," or "_Chrysocolla_ which the Moors call Borax." Dioscorides and Pliny mention substances which were evidently copper sulphides, but no description occurs prior to Agricola that permits a hazard as to different species.