[54] Besides the unaccented syllables of polysyllabic words, many monosyllables, such as prepositions, pronouns, &c., are unstressed, and occur only in the theses.
[55] This rule applies to modern English also, as in words like _bírth-rìght_.
[56] If this cross alliteration is intentional. See Sievers, _Altger. Metrik_, p. 41.
[57] See Koch, _Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache_, Weimar, 1863, i. 156.
[58] Compare Streitberg, _Urgermanische Grammatik_, 1900, § 143, p. 167, or Wilmanns, _Deutsche Grammatik_, 1897, i, p. 407, § 349.
[59] For exceptions to these rules see _Englische Metrik_, i, pp. 43, 45.
[60] Koch adds _wið[æ´]ftan_, _wiðfóran_, _wiðnéoðan_.
[61] Sievers, _Beiträge_, x. 225, and _Angelsächsische Grammatik³_, §§ 410, 411, 415.
[62] For details on these points and on the question of the treatment of forms in which vowel contraction is exhibited in the MSS. see Sievers, _Altgermanische Metrik_, §§ 74-77, and _Beiträge_, x. 475 ff.
[63] 'Elements,' Sweet, _Anglo-Saxon Reader_, § 365.
[64] Sievers, _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 9, 3. 4.
[65] See, for example, Rieger, _Alt- und Angelsächsische Verskunst_, p. 62.
[66] _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 209.
[67] For the type -´ × × | -´ see below, § 29, and Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 262.
[68] Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 262.
[69] As Sievers calls them, _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 13. 2; they are marked A*, B*, &c.
[70] The notation of Sievers for hemistichs with anacrusis (_auftaktige Verse_) is aA, aD, aE, &c.
[71] Sievers, _Altgermanische Metrik_, pp. 33 ff.
[72] It must be remembered that _ea_, _eo_, &c., are diphthongs, and have not the value of two vowels.
[73] Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 233.
[74] Here _n_ counts as a syllable, see Sievers, _Angelsächsische Gram._,§ 141, and _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 79.
[75] See the statistics in Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x, p. 290.
[76] Sievers, _Paul-Braune's Beiträge_, x. 241 and 294.
[77] Sievers, _Altgerm. Metrik_, § 85, 2, Anm. 3.
[78] Cf. Sievers, _Altgermanische Metrik_, § 15, 3 c, and § 116. 9.
[79] See Max Cremer, _Metrische und sprachliche Untersuchungen der altenglischen Gedichte Andreas, G[=u]ðl[=a]c, Phoenix_, &c., 1888, pp. 31 ff.; Sievers, _Altgermanische Metrik_, § 86; and chiefly Eduard Sokoll, 'Zur Technik des altgermanischen Alliterationsverses,' in _Beiträge zur neueren Philologie_, Vienna, 1902, pp. 351-65.