A banknote row is the totality of all used denominations of banknotes in a country. The banknote series does not always correspond to the series of banknotes, since in many countries banknotes of other series issued earlier continue to be in circulation.
The banknote rows of most countries of the world contain denominations that are multiples of 1-2-5 or 1-5. Also, at present, there are denominations that are multiples of 25 and 3. According to the most common theory, there are 13 banknotes, including 6 coin denominations, 6 banknotes and one banknote in the middle, which can be either a coin, or a banknote, or both and others. It is also believed that the optimal denomination of the largest banknote should be half the average wage in the country.
The largest denomination in circulation is 500,000 (Vietnamese dong), the smallest is 0.01 of the base currency (Kyrgyz som, Omani rial, Tajikistani somoni, Congolese franc).
History
Banknote rows of countries in which hyperinflation occurs deserve special attention.
So, for 30 years, from 1965 to 1985, the largest denomination of the Yugoslav dinar was 1000. In the late 1980s, negative trends began to appear in the economy of Yugoslavia, and in 1985 a banknote of 5000 dinars was issued, but inflation continued to gain momentum , and in 1987 the issue of a banknote of 20 thousand dinars followed, bypassing 10 thousand, which did not appear during this period. As a result, by the 1990 denomination, 14 denominations of banknotes from 5 to 2,000,000 dinars were in circulation, small ones - only formally. Inflation reached its peak in 1993, at the same time a banknote with the largest denomination of 500 billion dinars was issued, and the denomination of each newly issued banknote was an order of magnitude larger than the previous one (5, 50 and 500 thousand, 5, 50 and 500 million, 5 , 50 and 500 billion).
Galloping inflation in Georgia in the early 1990s led to unusual denominations such as 3,000, 30,000 and 150,000 kuponi.
Inflation in Zimbabwe has led to the simultaneous formal circulation of 28 denominations of banknotes - from 1 cent to 500 million Zimbabwean dollars. The denomination of 10 billion times did not save the situation and the next series of banknotes in 2007-2008 "grew" to 27 denominations - from 1 to 100 trillion dollars. This was followed by a denomination of 1 trillion times, but the national currency, not having lasted even a year, was canceled altogether, giving way to US dollars and South African rands.
Change banknotes
In some countries, there are (often only formally) banknotes in circulation denominated in fractions of the local currency or in units of change: ½ Bahraini dinar 1, 10, 50 tyiyns (Kyrgyz som) ¼ and ½ Kuwaiti dinar 50 pya (Myanmar kyat) 100 baize, ½ Omani rial 1, 5, 20, 50 dirams (Tajikistani somoni) 25, 50 piastres (Egyptian pound) 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 centimes (Congolese franc) ½ Bahamian dollar
Monetary units without banknotes
Of the monetary units that are included in the ISO 4217 standard and exist in cash, only the Panamanian balboa is not issued in the form of banknotes - the local population in Panama uses balboa coins and US dollar banknotes.
Also, in real money circulation, there are some other monetary units only in the form of coins. This is due to the spread of a parallel currency in the relevant territory:
Tuvaluan dollar and Kiribati dollar - Australian dollar banknotes are used; Pitcairn Islands dollar - banknotes of the New Zealand dollar are used; Timorese and Ecuadorian centavo - US dollar banknotes are used; in Madagascar, coins of the Malagasy franc remain in circulation, while banknotes and coins of the Malagasy ariary are mainly used.
Banknote row of world currencies
The denominations highlighted in bold are legal tender but are either not found or rarely seen in circulation. Currencies are marked in order according to ISO 4217. The denominations of small circulation issues of commemorative banknotes are not indicated in the table.