Philip Christian Darnton (born Philip Christian von Schunck; 30 October 1905 – 14 April 1981), also known as Baron von Schunck, was a British composer and writer.
Early life and family
He was born in Leeds as Philip Christian von Schunck, the son of Mary Gertrude Illingworth (1871-1952) and John Edward, Baron von Schunk (1869–1940), a landowner who renounced his title before the First World War. Christian's paternal grandfather, Edward, Baron von Schunck, had been born in Leipzig, part of an old German family that had, since 1715, held a Barony in the Holy Roman Empire (Freiherr). He settled in Britain and married Kate Lupton, who had been born into the progressive, land-owning and political Lupton family and educated at the school of her relative Rachel Martineau. Edward died in 1889. Kate survived him until 1913, the eve of the First World War, and insisted in her will that their only son – John Edward, Baron von Schunck – change his surname to that of her father, Darnton Lupton, the former Mayor of Leeds. Thus he and his children acquired by Royal Licence the surname Darnton.
Christian Darnton's father, John Edward, had two sisters; one of whom – Florence von Schunck – had married Albert Kitson, 2nd Baron Airedale of Gledhow Hall, near Leeds in 1890. Baroness von Schunck (née Kate Lupton, d. 1913), lived at the adjacent Gledhow Wood Estate which was where she hosted the wedding breakfast of her daughter and son-in-law.
The family was extremely well-off and he was educated at home by a governess until he was nine, when he began composing; his musical talents being "obvious" by the time he went up to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1924. Darnton's teachers included Charles Wood and Cyril Rootham at Cambridge, and Harry Farjeon at the Royal Academy of Music, where he became friendly with his fellow student Walter Leigh. In 1928 he also spent a year studying with Max Butting in Berlin.
Career and composition
Darnton first came to the general public's attention as a composer on 30 March 1927 when his parents financed a whole evening of music for their 21-year-old son at the Grotrian Hall in London. Although he had been receiving other performances independently (including one of his Octet at the same hall four days earlier), the event had the unintended effect of straining his relationships with other composers and critics. Peter Warlock and Cecil Gray in particular went along to disrupt the proceedings, viewing it as an example of unmerited privilege. The concert included his first string quartet, op 23, and the highly chromatic first piano sonata, op 33 (both composed in 1925). The project was widely criticised in the press - the critic in The Times wrote: "it does not amuse us to listen to his amateur modernisms, and we decline to take him seriously until he has shown that he has mastered the laws of music" - and the criticism prompted Darnton's further course of study in Berlin with Max Butting from 1928.
The influence of Butting on Darnton is clear: Butting believed that "music is the expression of social perceptions" and (like Darnton in later life) his composition style showed a dualism of musical thought between austere uncompromising atonalism (as in the Symphony No 3 of 1928) and a more transparent, simplified style intended for mass consumption over the radio (as in the Sinfonietta, also 1928).
After a short spell teaching at Stowe School, Darnton turned to journalism, while continuing to compose. He was assistant editor with The Music Lover under Edwin Evans between 1931 and 1934. But he had to wait until the mid-1930s before his music started to gain performances and a greater level of interest. The BBC Symphony Orchestra played his Viola Concerto with soloist Bernard Shore (who commissioned the work) conducted by Iris Lemare, on 15 April 1936. On 4 February 1938 the same orchestra played Swansong, five songs for soprano and orchestra, setting poems by Robert Nichols, with soloist May Blyth and Constant Lambert conducting. 1939 saw his first real critical success with a performance of the forward-looking Five Orchestral Pieces at the International Society for Contemporary Music Festival in Warsaw.