_GENEALOGY OF THE KINGS OF FRANCE FROM HUGH CAPET TO LOUIS XII._
Hugh the Great (died 956) | HUGH CAPET 987-996 | ROBERT 996-1031 | HENRY I. 1031-1060 | PHILIP I. 1060-1108 | LOUIS VI. 1108-1137 | LOUIS VII. 1137-1180 | PHILIP II. 1180-1223 | LOUIS VIII. 1223-1226 | (St.) LOUIS IX 1226-1270 | PHILIP III. 1270-1285 | +---------------------------------+ | | PHILIP IV. Charles 1283-1314 of Valois | | +---------------+---+--------+------------+ | | | | | PHILIP VI LOUIS X. PHILIP V. CHARLES IV. Isabella 1328-1350 1314-1316 1316-1322 1322-1328 m. Edward II. | | | | | +--+---+ | | | | | Two Edward III. JOHN Jeanne JOHN daughters 1350-1364 (died seven | days old) | +-----------------------------+---+ | | CHARLES V. Dukes of Burgundy 1364-1380 Philip | | +---------------------+ | | | John CHARLES VI. Louis | 1380-1422 Duke of Orleans Philip | | | CHARLES VII. Charles Charles 1422-1461 Duke of Orleans | | LOUIS XI. LOUIS XII. 1461-1483 1498-1519 | CHARLES VIII. 1483-1498
_SHORTER AND SOMETIMES MORE DETAILED GENEALOGIES will be found in the following pages._
Genealogy of the principal Northumbrian kings 41
" " English kings from Ecgberht to Eadgar 56
" " English kings from Eadgar to Eadgar the Ætheling 78
Genealogical connection between the Houses of England and Normandy 84
" " sons and grandchildren of Henry II. 156
" " more important sons of Edward III. 265
" " kings of Scotland from Robert Bruce to James I. 295
Abbreviated genealogy of Henry VII. and his competitors 344
Genealogy of the Houses of Spain and Burgundy 349
Cæsar's first invasion B.C. 55 Invasion of Aulus Plautius A.D. 43 Recall of Agricola 84 Severus in Britain 208 End of the Roman Government 410
1. =Palæolithic Man of the River-Drift.=--Countless ages ago, there was a period of time to which geologists have given the name of the Pleistocene Age. The part of the earth's surface afterwards called Britain was then attached to the Continent, so that animals could pass over on dry land. The climate was much colder than it is now, and it is known from the bones which have been dug up that the country was inhabited by wolves, bears, mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, and other creatures now extinct. No human remains have been found amongst these bones, but there is no doubt that men existed contemporaneously with their deposit, because, in the river drift, or gravel washed down by rivers, there have been discovered flints sharpened by chipping, which can only have been produced by the hand of man. The men who used them are known as Palæolithic, or the men of ancient stone, because these stone implements are rougher and therefore older than others which have been discovered. These Palæolithic men of the river drift were a race of stunted savages who did not cultivate the ground, but lived on the animals which they killed, and must have had great difficulty in procuring food, as they did not know how to make handles for their sharpened flints, and must therefore have had to hold them in their hands.