[59-2] Bruyas, _Rad. Verb. Iroquæorum_, p. 38.
[60-1] Alcazar, _Chrono-historia de la Prov. de Toledo_, Dec. iii., Año viii., cap. iv: Madrid, 1710. This rare work contains the only faithful copies of Father Rogel's letters extant. Mr. Shea, in his History of Catholic Missions, calls him erroneously Roger.
[60-2] It is fully analyzed by Duponceau, _Langues de l'Amérique du Nord_, p. 309.
[61-1] _Discourse on the Religion of the Ind. Tribes of N. Am._, p. 252 in the Trans. N. Y. Hist. Soc.
[61-2] Mueller, _Amer. Urreligionen_, pp. 265, 272, 274. Well may he remark: "The dualism is not very striking among these tribes;" as a few pages previous he says of the Caribs, "The dualism of gods is anything but rigidly observed. The good gods do more evil than good. Fear is the ruling religious sentiment." To such a lame conclusion do these venerable prepossessions lead. "_Grau ist alle Theorie_."
[62-1] Loskiel, _Ges. der Miss. der evang. Brueder_, p. 46.
[62-2] Whipple, _Report on the Ind. Tribes_, p. 33: Washington, 1855. Pacific Railroad Docs.
[62-3] Schoolcraft, _Indian Tribes_, i. p. 359.
[62-4] In Schoolcraft, _Ibid._, iv. p. 642.
[63-1] Or more exactly, the Beautiful Spirit, the Ugly Spirit. In Onondaga the radicals are _onigonra_, spirit, _hio_ beautiful, _ahetken_ ugly. _Dictionnaire Français-Onontagué, édité par Jean-Marie Shea_: New York, 1859.
[64-1] Squier, _The Serpent Symbol in America_.
[64-2] Both these legends will be analyzed in a subsequent chapter, and an attempt made not only to restore them their primitive form, but to explain their meaning.
[65-1] Compare the translation and remarks of Ximenes, _Or. de los Indios de Guat._, p. 76, with those of Brasseur, _Le Livre Sacré des Quichés_, p. 189.
THE SACRED NUMBER, ITS ORIGIN AND APPLICATIONS.
The number FOUR sacred in all American religions, and the key to their symbolism.--Derived from the CARDINAL POINTS.--Appears constantly in government, arts, rites, and myths.--The Cardinal Points identified with the Four Winds, who in myths are the four ancestors of the human race, and the four celestial rivers watering the terrestrial Paradise.--Associations grouped around each Cardinal Point.--From the number four was derived the symbolic value of the number _Forty_, and the _Sign of the Cross_.