Enrico Thovez (10 November 1869 – 16 February 1925) was an Italian artist-polymath best known for his contributions as a poet and literary critic.
Biography
Enrico Thovez was born in Turin less than ten years after unification. He was his parents' second son: his brother, Ettore, was five years older than he. Cesare Thovez, his father, was a hydraulics engineer of Savoyard provenance. His mother, Maria Angela Berlinguer, was from Sardinia, but could trace her own family back to Catalonia from where her ancestors had emigrated at the end of the sixteenth century. Thovez would later assert that he had inherited his love of poetry from his mother's aristocratic Spanish ancestors. Between 1881 and 1886 Thovez attended secondary schools, choosing the "technical" rather than the "gymnasium" route. He graduated from school successfully and moved on to enrol at the Sciences Faculty of the university. After just two months he abandoned these studies, however, in order to study the classics. By 1892 he had mastered Latin and Ancient Greek and acquired a thorough basic knowledge of classical literature. That was the year in which he obtained his "licenza liceale", the school completion qualification that opened the way to a university place as a student of classics. When he was around 20 he suffered from a nervous malady. This was cured by undertaking a trip to Florence, accompanied by his brother, Ettore. He enrolled again at the university, this time at the "Faculty of Letters", obtaining his degree in 1896. His graduation dissertation concerned "The Medieval Doric and the style of the Dipylon" ("Il Medioevo dorico e lo stile del Dipylon"): it was published six years later, in 1903.
Thovez wrote his first known idylls in 1887 in loose hendecasyllables. They appeared in the "Gazzetta letteraria" ("Literary Gazette") in 1891 and 1892, and subsequently in anthologies. In 1895 he came to wider prominence with readers of "Gazzetta letteraria" when he started to denounce plagiarism of the poems of D'Annunzio, whose work at this stage was more widely appreciated in France than in Italy, chiefly on account of some superb translations produced by Georges Hérelle. It did indeed appear that it was the francophone poems that were being used by then plagiarist(s) who were then translating the works back into Italian and passing them off for publication as original pieces. Having established his credentials within the literary establishment, Enrico Thovez now became a regular contributor on literary topics to several mass circulation daily newspapers, including the Gazzetta del Popolo (Turin), the Corriere della Sera (Milan) and Il Resto del Carlino (Bologna). He did not restrict himself to literature, but also contributed extensively on the visual arts and on costumery. He joined the staff of La Stampa (Turin) as a contributing editor in 1904 or 1905. His contributions were published under the pseudonym "Simplicissimus", which was a respectful reference to the German satirical magazine of that name.
In 1902, following an extended trip to Germany the previous year, Thovez teamed up with Leonardo Bistolfi, Giorgio Ceragioli, Enrico Reycend and Davide Calandra to establish the periodical magazine L'arte decorativa moderna, which was devoted to decorative arts. It was also in 1902 that he began working with the Senese periodical that became "Vita d'Arte".
In 1901 he transferred his poetic insights into his "Ritratto della madre" ("Painting of the Mother") which was exhibited by the "Società Promotrice delle Belle Arti" in Turin. Later that same year a Thovez painting was exhibited at the Venice Biennale. It shows the figure of a man, with the hills outside Turin in the background: the artist Felice Carena is believed to have posed for the painting, though it does not purport to be a portrait. Several sources indicate that there were actually two years in which Enrico Thovez exhibited one or more paintings at the Biennale. In addition, he served between 1913 and 1921 as the director of the Galleria Civica d’Arte Moderna e Contemporane di Torino ("... Civic Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art").