1. The nature of memory: What is retained--The physical basis of memory--How we remember--Dependence of memory on brain quality. 2. The four factors involved in memory: Registration--Retention--Recall--Recognition. 3. The stuff of memory: Images as the material of memory--Images vary as to type--Other memory material. 4. Laws underlying memory: The law of association--The law of repetition--The law of recency--The law of vividness. 5. Rules for using the memory: Wholes versus parts--Rate of forgetting--Divided practice--Forcing the memory to act--Not a memory, but memories. 6. What constitutes a good memory: A good memory selects its material--A good memory requires good thinking--Memory must be specialized. 7. Memory devices: The effects of cramming--Remembering isolated facts--Mnemonic devices. 8. Problems in observation and introspection . . . . . . . . 160
1. Different types of thinking: Chance, or idle thinking--Uncritical belief--Assimilative thinking--Deliberative thinking. 2. The function of thinking: Meaning depends on relations--The function of thinking is to discover relations--Near and remote relations--Child and adult thinking. 3. The mechanism of thinking: Sensations and percepts as elements in thinking. 4. The concept: The concepts serve to group and classify--Growth of a concept--Definition of concept--Language and the concept--The necessity for growing concepts. 5. Judgment: Nature of judgment--Judgment used in percepts and concepts--Judgment leads to general truths--The validity of judgments. 6. Reasoning: Nature of reasoning--How judgments function in reasoning--Deduction and the syllogism--Induction--The necessity for broad induction--The interrelation of induction and deduction. 7. Problems in observation and introspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
1. The nature of instinct: The babe's dependence on instinct--Definition of instinct--Unmodified instinct is blind. 2. Law of the appearance and disappearance of instincts: Instincts appear in succession as required--Many instincts are transitory--Seemingly useless instincts--Instincts to be utilized when they appear--Instincts as starting points--The more important human instincts. 3. The instinct of imitation: Nature of imitation--Individuality in imitation--Conscious and unconscious imitation--Influence of environment--The influence of personality. 4. The instinct of play: The necessity for play--Play in development and education--Work and play are complements. 5. Other useful instincts: Curiosity--Manipulation--The collecting instinct--The dramatic instinct--The impulse to form gangs and clubs. 6. Fear: Fear heredity--Fear of the dark--Fear of being left alone. 7. Other undesirable instincts: Selfishness--Pugnacity, or the fighting impulse. 8. Problems in observation and introspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201