India, sea path to, 118; Prince Henry the Navigator and sea route to, 127, 129, 130; the opening of the sea route to, 134; Portuguese expeditions to, 135; Vasco da Gama’s voyage, 136; Drake and the East Indian trade, 217
James I and pirates, 223, 224; ships of his time, 228
James II, Navy in the time of, 229; and sea charts, 243
Launching, 17th century, 225; of the _Prince Royal_, 232 _et seq._; cf. “wooden walls,” 275
Laws, maritime, of Rhodes, 55; Medieval codes, 151; Venetian, 153
Lieutenants, 17th century, 229; 18th century, 251
Lightbody, James, “Mariner’s Jewel,” 189, 225; on bittacles, 214
Lighthouses, ancient Greek, 45; beacons, 243; the Argand lamp, 244
Lights on promontories in the Middle Ages, 145, 243
Log-line, introduction of the, 178, 216; patent log, 217
Longitude, 211, 253; rewards for instruments, 254; by lunar observations, 254; the chronometer invented, 254
Macedonia, King of, builds large warships, 43
Madeira, discovery of, 122; rediscovery, 134
Map-making, Ptolemy and, 116; early Venetian, 124; portolani, 124
Maritime arts only among seafaring people, 11
Maritime discovery, the ancients and, 114
Maritime progress, Prince Henry the Navigator and, 133
Markham, Sir Clements, quoted on Seville training in navigation, 178
Maspero, Prof., on the Egyptians and the sea, 11
Mediterranean, the, Egyptian ships on the, 12; Phœnicians in the, 22
Mercator, Gerard, “Mappemonde,” 219; chart, 248
Meteorology. Virgil’s description of weather, 83–4
Missionaries as geographical discoverers, 117
Monson, Sir William, “Naval Tracts,” 194, 198, 226
Mutinies at Spithead, the Nore, etc., 267
Nansen, Dr., on Pytheas, 28; on the Vikings, 85, 90, 92
Naval education in Portugal, 128 _et seq._; in England, 229; in France, 230; 17th century, 248; 18th century, 250
Naval warfare in England, early, 144; as a science, 182; 18th-century tactics, 267, 268. _See also_ Tactics
Navigation, the beginning of, 5; of the ancient Egyptians, 14; of the Phœnicians, 19, 22; Pytheas and, 27; as described by Virgil, 83; by instinct, 86; of the Vikings, 86–90; the ancients and, 114; the Arabians and, 122; Prince Henry the Navigator and, 128 _et seq._; first book on, by an Englishman, 211; early English books, 211–16; instruments of the Elizabethans, 211, 212; in the 17th century, 224; in the 18th century, 253; methods of 18th-century coasters, 257