Empire of Philip--Paul the Fourth--Court of France--League against Spain--The Duke of Alva--Preparations for War--Victorious Campaign 59
Guise enters Italy--Operations in the Abruzz--Siege of Civitella--Alva drives out the French--Rome menaced by the Spaniards--Paul consents to Peace--Paul's Subsequent Career 73
England joins in the War--Philip's Preparations--Siege of St. Quentin--French Army routed--Storming of St. Quentin--Successes of the Spaniards 85
Extraordinary Efforts of France--Calais surprised by Guise--The French invade Flanders--Bloody Battle of Gravelines--Negotiations for Peace--Mary's Death--Accession of Elizabeth--Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis 102
Charles at Yuste--His Mode of Life--Interest in Public Affairs--Celebrates his Obsequies--Last Illness--Death and Character 120
Civil Institutions--Commercial Prosperity--Character of the People--Protestant Doctrines--Persecution by Charles the Fifth 146
Unpopular Manners of Philip--He enforces the Edicts--Increase of the Bishoprics--Margaret of Parma Regent--Meeting of the States-General--Their spirited Conduct--Organization of the Councils--Rise and Character of Granvelle--Philip's Departure 157
Philip's Arrival in Spain--The Reformed Doctrines--Their Suppression--Autos da Fé--Prosecution of Carranza--Extinction of Heresy--Fanaticism of the Spaniards 170
Reception of Isabella--Marriage Festivities--The Queen's Mode of Life--The Court removed to Madrid 183
The Reformation--Its Progress in the Netherlands--General Discontent--William of Orange 192
Grounds of Complaint--The Spanish Troops--The New Bishoprics--Influence of Granvelle--Opposed by the Nobles--His Unpopularity 201
League against Granvelle--Margaret desires his Removal--Philip deliberates--Granvelle dismissed--Leaves the Netherlands 213
Policy of Philip--Ascendancy of the Nobles--The Regent's Embarrassments--Egmont sent to Spain 226
Philip's Duplicity--His Procrastination--Despatches from Segovia--Effect on the Country--The Compromise--Orange and Egmont 238
Design of the Confederates--They enter Brussels--The Petition--The Gueux 253
The Edicts suspended--The Sectaries--The Public Preachings--Attempt to suppress them--Meeting at St. Trond--Philip's Concessions 260