[80] For the names of the following provinces, see note, p. 22.
[81] More properly "Mace". "The only coin in general use throughout China is the _le_ or cash. Its intrinsic value may be about one-twelfth part of an English penny. The nominal names are those called _fun_, _tsien_, and _leang_, denominated by foreigners _candareen_, _mace_, and _tael_, bearing respectively to each other a decimal proportion."--Murray's _China_, vol. iii, p. 93.
The mace is usually estimated at about 8_d._, and the tael 6_s._ 10_d._ sterling.
[86] This word is spelt the same in the original. Query blankets, from _Portuguese_ Chim--Chinese, and mantas--blankets.
[88] The military and non-military in China are usually distinguished by the terms _ping_ and _ming_. The _pon_ seems to refer to the _ping_ or regular troops, and the _cum_ to the _ming_ or people; being only a species of local militia.
[98] Laoye. See Chap. xiv on the title of Loytia.
[99] Possibly this word is confounded with Colao or Chung-tang, a minister of state.
[101] More properly Po-ching-sz, or, as Du Halde has it, Pou-ching-ssee.
[102] More properly Too-tuh, adjutant-general.
[104] More properly Hai-tao. Respecting these offices see Du Halde, vol. ii, fol. 32, 33.
[107] This and the preceding title seem to be the same as those similarly spelt on page 103.
[108] Perhaps the Koo-ta-sze, or treasurer.
[109] Perhaps the Che-tsze, or secretary.
[110] Taou, tae, the intendant of circuits.
[111] More properly Kwan-paou, commissioner of customs. See Morrison's _View of China_, p. 94.
[113] More properly Yuen-chae, a police constable.
[114] Perhaps Ching-tang, assistant officer in a prise.
[115] Shin is the Chinese for the verb "to judge", and with the word officer added to it will be "a judging officer". Thus also leu--law, prefixed to che--to rule, or govern, may be the origin of the term Leuchi. This construction is, however, entirely conjectural.
[117] This character is so vague as to be scarcely recognizable. The proper Chinese word for heaven is tien. The word here given may perhaps mean tsang, _the azure sky_, which is sometimes used metaphorically for heaven. At the same time the modern Chinese character for Keen, also pronounced Kan [Chinese character], which is likewise a very old word for heaven, appears somewhat to approximate in form to the character given in the text.